Technical Note: On the effect of water-soluble compounds removal on EC quantification by TOT analysis in urban aerosol samples

Piazzalunga, A.; Bernardoni, V.; Fermo, P.; Valli, G.; Vecchi, R.

doi:10.5194/acp-11-10193-2011

Cited by 66 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The removal of water-soluble organic compounds from the filter by washing procedures significantly reduces pyrolysis during the thermal analysis (Piazzalunga et al, 2011). Furthermore, the washing procedure also removes other soluble components in the sample (i.e.…”

Section: Measurements Of Ec and Ocmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intercomparisons between the TOA methods have shown that the temperature protocol and the optical detection technique (transmission versus reflection) can make a significant difference in the measured EC content Schmid et al, 2001;Schauer et al, 2003;Subramanian et al, 2006;Cavalli et al, 2010;Piazzalunga et al, 2011). Determining the temperature at which all OC and no EC evolves in He, air or O 2 is challenging.…”

Section: Measurements Of Ec and Ocmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"Low temperature protocols have been shown to overestimate EC in the presence of resilient organics, such as those recently detected by Piazzalunga et al (2011) in aerosol samples collected at a heavily polluted site. On the other hand, as previously noted, high temperature protocols can lead to the premature evolution of EC."…”

Section: Measurements Of Ec and Ocmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…inorganic salts like KCl) that may reduce the EC oxidation temperature. The application of thermal protocols characterized by long enough time steps at low temperature allows a complete evolution of the sample, leading to a significant reduction in PC formation both in washed and untreated samples (Chow et al, 1993;Piazzalunga et al, 2011).…”

Section: Measurements Of Ec and Ocmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soot reference materials for instrument calibration and intercomparisons: a workshop summary with recommendations

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Soot, which is produced from biomass burning and the incomplete combustion of fossil and biomass fuels, has been linked to regional and global climate change and to negative health problems. Scientists measure the properties of soot using a variety of methods in order to quantify source emissions and understand its atmospheric chemistry, reactivity under emission conditions, interaction with solar radiation, influence on clouds, and health impacts. A major obstacle currently limiting progress is the absence of established standards or reference materials for calibrating the many instruments used to measure the various properties of soot.The current state of availability and practicability of soot standard reference materials (SRMs) was reviewed by a group of 50 international experts during a workshop in June of 2011. The workshop was convened to summarize the current knowledge on soot measurement techniques, identify the measurement uncertainties and limitations related to the lack of soot SRMs, and identify attributes of SRMs that, if developed, would reduce measurement uncertainties. The workshop established that suitable SRMs are available for calibrating some, but not all, measurement methods. The community of users of the single-particle soot-photometer (SP2), an instrument using laser-induced incandescence, identified a suitable SRM, fullerene soot, but users of instruments that measure light absorption by soot collected on filters did not. Similarly, those who use thermal optical analysis (TOA) to analyze the organic and elemental carbon components of soot were not satisfied with current SRMs. The workshop, and subsequent, interactive discussions, produced a number of recommendations for the development of new SRMs, and their implementation, that would be suitable for the different soot measurement methods.

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Section: Measurements Of Ec and Ocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurements Of Ec and Ocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurements Of Ec and Ocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurements Of Ec and Ocmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soot reference materials for instrument calibration and intercomparisons: a workshop summary with recommendations

et al. 2012

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“…Propata samples were analyzed following the EUSAAR_2 protocol [49], while a NIOSH-like protocol (He_870) [50] has been used in the case of the Milan samples. This choice has been taken to have continuity with previous respective measurement campaigns.…”

Section: Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multi-Wavelength Absorption Analyzer (MWAA) Model as a Tool for Source and Component Apportionment Based on Aerosol Absorption Properties: Application to Samples Collected in Different Environments

Bernardoni

Pileci

Caponi³

et al. 2017

Atmosphere

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Abstract:The multi-wavelength absorption analyzer model (MWAA model) was recently proposed to provide a source (fossil fuel combustion vs. wood burning) and a component (black carbon BC vs. brown carbon BrC) apportionment of b abs measured at different wavelengths, and to provide the BrC Ångström Absorption exponent (α BrC ). This paper shows MWAA model performances and issues when applied to samples impacted by different sources. To this aim, the MWAA model was run on samples collected at a rural (Propata) and an urban (Milan) site in Italy during the winter period. Lower uncertainties on α BrC and a better correlation of the BrC absorption coefficient (b abs BrC ) with levoglucosan (tracer for wood burning) were obtained in Propata (compared to Milan).Nevertheless, the correlation previously mentioned improved, especially in Milan, when providing a priori information on α BrC to MWAA. Possible reasons for this improvement could be the more complex mixture of sources present in Milan and the aging processes, which can affect aerosol composition, particle mixing, and size distribution. OC and EC source apportionment showed that wood burning was the dominating contributor to the carbonaceous fractions in Propata, whereas a more complex situation was detected in Milan. Simultaneous b abs (BC) apportionment and EC measurements allowed MAC determination, which gave analogous results at the two sites.

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Diurnal cycle of fossil and nonfossil carbon using radiocarbon analyses during CalNex

et al. 2014

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Radiocarbon ( 14 C) analysis is a unique tool to distinguish fossil/nonfossil sources of carbonaceous aerosols. We present 14 C measurements of organic carbon (OC) and total carbon (TC) on highly time resolved filters (3-4 h, typically 12 h or longer have been reported) from 7 days collected during California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) 2010 in Pasadena. Average nonfossil contributions of 58% ± 15% and 51% ± 15% were found for OC and TC, respectively. Results indicate that nonfossil carbon is a major constituent of the background aerosol, evidenced by its nearly constant concentration (2-3 μgC m À3). Cooking is estimated to contribute at least 25% to nonfossil OC, underlining the importance of urban nonfossil OC sources. In contrast, fossil OC concentrations have prominent and consistent diurnal profiles, with significant afternoon enhancements (~3 μgC m À3 ), following the arrival of the western Los Angeles (LA) basin plume with the sea breeze. A corresponding increase in semivolatile oxygenated OC and organic vehicular emission markers and their photochemical reaction products occurs. This suggests that the increasing OC is mostly from fresh anthropogenic secondary OC (SOC) from mainly fossil precursors formed in the western LA basin plume. We note that in several European cities where the diesel passenger car fraction is higher, SOC is 20% less fossil, despite 2-3 times higher elemental carbon concentrations, suggesting that SOC formation from gasoline emissions most likely dominates over diesel in the LA basin. This would have significant implications for our understanding of the on-road vehicle contribution to ambient aerosols and merits further study.

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Technical Note: On the effect of water-soluble compounds removal on EC quantification by TOT analysis in urban aerosol samples

Cited by 66 publications

References 35 publications

Soot reference materials for instrument calibration and intercomparisons: a workshop summary with recommendations

Soot reference materials for instrument calibration and intercomparisons: a workshop summary with recommendations

The Multi-Wavelength Absorption Analyzer (MWAA) Model as a Tool for Source and Component Apportionment Based on Aerosol Absorption Properties: Application to Samples Collected in Different Environments

Diurnal cycle of fossil and nonfossil carbon using radiocarbon analyses during CalNex

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