Problem solving and critical thinking
are buzzwords used in defining
general chemistry learning goals. Assessments including well-structured
homework, quizzes, and exams are designed and incorporated to build
these skills. Our research expanded upon the types of assessments
and analyzed the effect of writing assignments for promoting problem
solving, critical thinking, and retention in acid–base chemistry.
Calibrated Peer Review (CPR) was used to implement writing assignments
in a large enrollment two-quarter introductory sequence with the writing
activities strongly emphasizing qualitative and quantitative problems
in acid–base chemistry. To measure the effectiveness of assigning
small writing assignments, students in the treatment course were compared
to the honors students (control group) who have historically demonstrated
stronger abilities in acid–base chemistry, especially in subsequent
organic chemistry courses. Data was collected using interviews in
which students verbally explained their answers and rationale for
a set of six questions on acid–base chemistry. The control
group was interviewed 10 weeks after instruction, and the treatment
group was interviewed immediately after instruction (prior to the
writing assignment) and 10 weeks following instruction and the writing
assignment. Both the treatment and control groups were completing
organic chemistry during the post-10-week interview. The treatment
group was interviewed twice to gauge retention and make a comparison
with the control group. Statistical differences in performance (using
a 95% level of confidence) were not observed between the 10-week post-treatment
and instruction interviews between the control and treatment groups,
supporting the conclusion that the writing assignment aided in closing
the gap in student abilities between the honors and introductory courses.