Technique and Results of Isolation of Cancer Cells from the Circulating Blood

Roberts, Scott C.; Watne, Alvin L.; Mcgrath, Ruth G.; McGrew, Elizabeth A.; Cole, Warren H.

doi:10.1001/archsurg.1958.01280210004002

Cited by 139 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This could be attributed to the possibility that excessive intraoperative blood loss promotes spillage and hematogenous spreading of cancer cells. It might also be caused by the decrease in anticancer immunity and tissue inflammation owing to systemic hypoperfusion …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival analysis after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: A consecutive cohort of 1002 patients

Lee

Kim

Park

et al. 2017

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival analysis after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: A consecutive cohort of 1002 patients

Lee

Kim

Park

et al. 2017

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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“…Ashworth described cells in the blood that resemble those found in malignant skin tumors at autopsy, although the malignant nature of these cells was not determined with certainty 1. Positive identification of circulating cancer cells was not demonstrated until the second half of this century, when Engell3 and Roberts and colleagues4 discovered tumor cells in blood samples from patients suffering from various carcinomas: breast, ovarian, colon, gastric, lung, and prostate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of circulating prostate carcinoma cells

Wang¹,

Eisenberger²,

Carducci³

et al. 2000

Cancer

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BACKGROUND Analysis of prostate carcinoma cells isolated from the peripheral blood suggested a classification based on three categories. METHODS Centrifugation density gradients and magnetic cell sorting were used to isolate circulating prostate carcinoma cells from peripheral blood. Immunocytochemistry staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization allowed characterization of isolated cancer cells. RESULTS Terminal cells can be divided into 3 classes: 1) large, buoyant, fragile cells with a large nucleus that were captured in a 1.068 g/mL gradient; 2) enucleate cells (4,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole [DAPI] negative) that were positive for cytokeratin and PSMA antibodies; and 3) cellular debris exhibiting cytokeratin and PSMA positive staining as well as nuclear debris identified by DAPI staining, which included cytoplasmic debris. Growing cells also exhibited three morphologic characteristics: those possessing stem cell–like morphology and characteristics such as small size, high density, developed cytokeratin systems, PSMA expression, and aneuploidy; those in M phase; and cell clusters. The majority of isolated cells exhibited intermediate characteristics and thus comprised the third group of circulating cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Although the significance of the cluster remains undetermined, observation suggests that the cluster has the ability to circulate as a microtumor and subsequently arrest in the small veins and capillaries. It is hypothesized that the clusters could escape certain facets of immune surveillance and possibly gain a selective growth advantage over single cells in a distant site. Further hypothesis proposes that arrested cells recruit growth‐promoting nutrients, which would result in the invasion of local blood vessels and vascularization. Cancer 2000;88:2787–95. © 2000 American Cancer Society.

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“…of peripheral blood sample is taken. berg and (Engell, 1955;Sandberg and Moore, 1957;Roberts et al 1958 stomach with secondary deposits in the liver, showed large numbers of tumour cells in blood taken from all sites-portal vein, hepatic vein and peripheral venous blood, but they were much more numerous in the portal than in the hepatic blood.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Tumour Cells in the Blood with Special Reference to Pre- and Post-Hepatic Blood

Fletcher¹,

Stewart²

1959

Br J Cancer

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BLOOD stream metastasis of malignant tumours has long been recognised. Over the years there have been sporadic reports of atypical cells in the blood of cancer patients but it is only with the advent of techniques for isolating different types of cells from whole blood by utilising minor differences in their gravity (Fawcett and Valle, 1952) that it has been possible to demonstrate definitely such tumour cells.Engell (1955) (1958) who refined this technique by layering the tumour cells at an albumin interface of known specific gravity after sedimentation of the erythrocytes with bovine fibrinogen.Our own work falls into two parts. We first of all investigated patients with a variety of tumours, but particularly with tumours of the parotid and breast. Having found that we were able to identify tumour cells both in the blood draining tumour sites and in the peripheral venous blood, we have attempted to determine to what extent tumour cells are filtered from the blood by the liver in patients either with primary gastro-intestinal carcinoma or with abdominal secondary deposits. METHODFor the second part of our studies blood was taken before and after it entered the liver. Fig. 1 demonstrates the way in which the post-hepatic samples were taken. A catheter is passed under fluoroscopy through the right side of the heart and into the right and then the left hepatic vein, and a 5 ml. sample of blood is taken from each vein. At the same time 5 ml. sample of peripheral blood is also taken. As it is difficult to take pre-and post-hepatic blood simultaneously at operation, the post-hepatic is taken pre-operatively. The pre-hepatic samples are taken at operation from the portal vein as soon as the abdomen is opened and with minimal handling of the tumour. Again a simultaneous 5 ml. of peripheral blood sample is taken.

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Technique and Results of Isolation of Cancer Cells from the Circulating Blood

Cited by 139 publications

References 17 publications

Survival analysis after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: A consecutive cohort of 1002 patients

Survival analysis after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: A consecutive cohort of 1002 patients

Identification and characterization of circulating prostate carcinoma cells

Tumour Cells in the Blood with Special Reference to Pre- and Post-Hepatic Blood

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