Technique effects on upper limb loading in the tennis serve

Elliott, Bruce; Fleisig, Glenn S.; Nicholls, Rochelle; Escamilia, R.

doi:10.1016/s1440-2440(03)80011-7

Cited by 226 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…On the baseline, players execute more topspin backhands (3.7) than topspin forehands (3.2). Biomechanical analysis of the serve (Elliott et al, 2003;Fleisig et al), forehand (Reid et al, 2013) and backhand (Genevois et al, 2015) is based on the assumption of ballistic shots, where all body segments are included in the implementation. Legs as the first part of the kinetic chain have an extremely important role in movement, positioning, beginning of the shot and recovery after the shot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral Asymmetry in Upper and Lower Limb Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Youth Tennis Players

2016

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FILIPCIC, A.; CUK, I. & FILIPCIC, T.Lateral asymmetry in upper and lower limb bioelectrical impedance analysis in youth tennis players. Int. J. Morphol., 34(3):890-895, 2016. SUMMARY:Tennis is a sport that requires asymmetric movements of dominat limbs and may lead to an asymmetric distribution of muscle mass. The main aim of the presented study was to determine the volume and degree of lateral asymmetry of the upper and lower limbs in youth tennis players using a bioelectrical impedance analysis. T-test was applied to find differences between the dominant and non-dominant arm and the right and left leg and thigh in four age categories. There were no significant differences between the right and left leg lean mass in the 12 and under, 14 and under and 16 and under age groups, but there were significant differences between the dominant and non-dominant arm lean mass and arm circumferences in all four age groups. All young tennis players had greater lean mass and arm circumferences of the dominant limb. Tennis players in the 18 and under group had higher average values of right leg lean mass and the differences are statistically significant. There were significant differences between right and left thigh circumferences in all age groups. Findings show that it is possible with such a simple, non-invasive and quick procedure as bioelectrical impedance to determine asymmetry in tennis players.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral Asymmetry in Upper and Lower Limb Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Youth Tennis Players

2016

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“…More than half of competitive players have suffered a shoulder injury, 12 and it is thought that many of these are overuse injuries which may have been caused by large loads. 7 Back injuries are also very prevalent in tennis players at all levels; 38% of professional players have had to take a break from tennis during their career due to back pain, and nearly 50% of elite junior players have had episodes of pain. 14,16 The flat, kick, and slice are three types of commonly performed serves, and the ball has a slightly different trajectory and spin rate during each.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematics Differences Between the Flat, Kick, and Slice Serves Measured Using a Markerless Motion Capture Method

Sheets

Abrams

Corazza³

et al. 2011

Ann Biomed Eng

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Tennis injuries have been associated with serving mechanics, but quantitative kinematic measurements in realistic environments are limited by current motion capture technologies. This study tested for kinematic differences at the lower back, shoulder, elbow, wrist, and racquet between the flat, kick, and slice serves using a markerless motion capture (MMC) system. Seven male NCAA Division 1 players were tested on an outdoor court in daylight conditions. Peak racquet and joint center speeds occurred sequentially and increased from proximal (back) to distal (racquet). Racquet speeds at ball impact were not significantly different between serve types. However, there were significant differences in the direction of the racquet velocity vector between serves: the kick serve had the largest lateral and smallest forward racquet velocity components, while the flat serve had the smallest vertical component (p < 0.01). The slice serve had lateral velocity, like the kick, and large forward velocity, like the flat. Additionally, the racquet in the kick serve was positioned 8.7 cm more posterior and 21.1 cm more medial than the shoulder compared with the flat, which could suggest an increased risk of shoulder and back injury associated with the kick serve. This study demonstrated the potential for MMC for testing sports performance under natural conditions.

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“…In addition to the incredible velocities and range of motion experienced by the athlete's shoulder, the torques generated in the serve are equally impressive [ 24 ]. These torques have been reported as high as 65 Nm at maximal external rotation and 70 Nm at acceleration to ball impact.…”

Section: Tennis Biomechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%