Techniques and applications of electron spin resonance

Abstract

A broad-spectrum review of the applications of electron spin resonance to advanced materials is presented. Starting with basic concepts the reader is taken through a quick tour of techniques including continuous-wave and pulse ESR, microscopy and imaging, as well as a few emerging techniques. Applications of spin identification, spin counting, spin mapping and spin imaging of a variety of advanced solid state materials including metals and alloys, semiconductors, inorganics, electroceramics, catalysts, intercalates, polymers, glasses, and organic charge-transfer complexes besides superionic conductors and high-temperature superconductors are included. It is thus demonstrated that the technique is at once specific, sensitive to composition, phase and texture yet accurate enough to be a quantitative but non-invasive tool that promises to be useful in the study of newer and newer materials including multilayers, ferrofluids and nanomaterials.

Reductive Activation of the Nitrogen Molecule at the Surface of “Electron-Rich” MgO and CaO. The N2- Surface Adsorbed Radical Ion

“…Comparing the λ values found for Ν 2 - trapped at the surface of MgO and CaO (0.0082 and 0.0062 eV, respectively) with the corresponding atomic value (λ 0 = 0.0092 eV), we found a considerable reduction factor l ( l = λ/λ 0 ) in the two cases (0.9−0.7). These values are close to that found earlier for N 2 - in potassium azide 40 and indicate a non-negligible delocalization of the N 2 - electron into the surroundings.…”

Challenges in the Physical Characterization of Lipid Nanoparticles

“…This technique is based on resonance absorption of the magnetic components of external electromagnetic radiations by a spin system, useful for characterization of materials having unpaired electrons in the systems. Therefore, samples containing paramagnetic material are well accepted because they can propagate ESR signals [ 156 , 157 ]. ESR can be used to assess magnetic nanoparticles for in vivo biodistribution in the case of drug targeting.…”

Spectroscopic studies on Fe3+ doped CdS nanopowders prepared by simple coprecipitation method

“…Cd vacancies would have to be postulated in such a situation, to compensate for the additional positive charges brought in by Fe 3+ . The number of spins (N s ) participating in the resonance [30] for broad signal has been calculated and is shown in Fig. 12(b).…”