Techno-Economic Analysis of an Improved Process for Producing Saturated Branched-Chain Fatty Acids

Ngo, Helen L.; Yee, Winnie; McAloon, Andrew J.; Haas, Michael J.

doi:10.5539/jas.v6n10p158

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To determine the feasibility of this arylation system, a process simulation model for the production of soybean‐phenol BCFA products was developed to estimate the production cost in industrial scale. This model is similar to the models designed previously for the methyl‐branched‐chain fatty acid (i.e., isostearic acid) technology but with some modifications . A process facility with the capacity to produce 200 metric tons (MT) of the phenolic BCFA products per year from soybean fatty acid was selected, which is about the average manufacturing size for disinfectant and antimicrobial chemical industries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, chemical characterization, and economical feasibility of poly‐phenolic‐branched‐chain fatty acids

Ngo

Wagner

Yan

et al. 2017

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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New poly‐phenolic branched‐chain fatty acid (poly‐PBC‐FA) products were synthesized from a combination of soybean fatty acids and phenolic materials through a highly efficient zeolite catalyzed arylation method. These poly‐PBC‐FAs are liquid at room temperature and do not have the unpleasant odor like the parent phenol reagent. They were found to be comprised of various numbers of phenol rings on the fatty acid chain, and this is important because compounds with a higher number of hydroxyl groups are expected to have better antimicrobial activities. Detailed characterization using gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometer techniques were used to measure the number of phenol groups on the alkyl fatty acid chains. A cost process modeling technique was used to determine the economic feasibility of this arylation process to make these important poly‐PBC‐FA products. Practical applications: The continued outbreaks of Listeria monocytogenes in foods imply that current antimicrobial products are not sufficient to control pathogen contamination. These new phenolic branched‐chain fatty acid products contain hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. They are found to bear close resemblance to antimicrobial compounds that are receiving a great deal of attention for biomedical and/or materials applications. This finding is highly encouraging because the phenolic products are odorless which should make them appealing for possible food applications to kill the harmful Listeria monocytogenes. New poly‐phenolic branched‐chain fatty acid products were synthesized from a combination of soybean fatty acids and phenol materials through a highly efficient zeolite catalyzed arylation method. These isolated phenolic fatty acid materials are liquid at room temperature and do not have the unpleasant odor like the parent phenol reagent. Mass spectroscopy results confirmed more than one phenol group is on the alkyl chain due to the polyunsaturated fatty acid materials used. The cost model indicated that the process is feasible at the industrial scale.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, chemical characterization, and economical feasibility of poly‐phenolic‐branched‐chain fatty acids

Ngo

Wagner

Yan

et al. 2017

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…It is also important to note that although these reactions were all performed at a small scale, they can also be synthesized at large scale. In fact, the process for synthesizing the distilled 4 has been demonstrated and shown to be economically feasible by process modeling .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and low temperature characterization of iso‐oleic ester derivatives

Ngo

Latona

Wagner

et al. 2016

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Three new iso‐oleic ester derivatives (i.e., isopropyl ester (IOA‐iPrE, 6), n‐butyl ester (IOA‐n‐BuE, 7), and 2‐ethylhexyl ester (IOA‐2‐EHE, 8)) were synthesized from iso‐oleic acid (IOA, 4) using a standard esterification method. These esterified alcohols were chosen because of their bulky and branched‐chain alkyl groups which can reduce melting point in comparison to a smaller alkyl group such as methyl ester. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cloud point and pour point results showed that esters 6, 7, and 8 had much lower melting transition temperatures and cold flow properties than the methyl (IOA–FAME, 5) and parent 4. The oxidative and thermal stability by pressure (P‐DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results also showed a very similar trend where the bulkier and branched‐chain alkyl esters had better stability than the smaller headgroup esters. Practical applications: Since saturated fats have high melting points, they are solids which can be harmful to our health and can cause damage to machinery. There is an urgent need to develop methods to produce fats with low melting points to replace the unwanted fats. In this paper, a series of modified branched‐chain fatty acid ester derivatives (i.e., iso‐oleic acid esters) that are liquid at room temperature with enhanced fluidity were synthesized. These ester fats have been found to perform much better than the original fatty acids and saturated fats. These findings are important as these iso‐oleic ester fats can potentially replace solid materials which are often problematic at low temperatures. Iso‐oleic ester derivatives containing bulky and branched‐chain alkyl groups exhibit reduce melting point in comparison to a smaller alkyl group such as methyl ester.

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“…The techno-economic model of the extruding-expelling process for soybean oil production was developed in SuperPro Designer v9.0 (Intelligen, Inc., Scotch Plains, NJ, USA), based on mass balances amongst all unit operations. Economic parameters including fixed capital investment and operating costs which are basic for estimating gross profit, net profit, and the profitability of the whole processing venture [30].…”

Section: Computer Modeling and Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Analysis of Extruding-Expelling of Soybeans to Produce Oil and Meal

Rosentrater

2019

Agriculture

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Mechanical expelling (pressing) is a common and developed technique used to separate soybean oil from soybean protein and fiber. Due to the relatively higher oil content in the expelled meal compared to solvent-extracted soybean meal, the mechanical process is often used for specific purposes in industry, such as targeted livestock feed applications. For improving oil recovery and profits, two-stage mechanical process combining extrusion before the expelling process has been introduced and adapted by industrial applications. To examine the viability of this improved two-stage extruding-expelling process, techno-economic analysis was performed by using SuperPro Designer for simulation of the soybean extruding-expelling process. Soybean oil yield increases to over 70% compared to the conventional single-step expelling process with 60%. Soybean oil and soybean meal contributed about 25% and 75% of total revenues, respectively. Through fluctuations in economic conditions, soybean meal plays an important role in earning profits, making the whole mechanical process profitable. According to the sensitivity analysis, the sale of soybean meal is one of the driving forces for the mechanical expelling process, especially in large industrial scales.

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Techno-Economic Analysis of an Improved Process for Producing Saturated Branched-Chain Fatty Acids

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Synthesis, chemical characterization, and economical feasibility of poly‐phenolic‐branched‐chain fatty acids

Synthesis, chemical characterization, and economical feasibility of poly‐phenolic‐branched‐chain fatty acids

Synthesis and low temperature characterization of iso‐oleic ester derivatives

Techno-Economic Analysis of Extruding-Expelling of Soybeans to Produce Oil and Meal

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