Techno-economic analysis of fixed-bed chemical looping for decentralized, fuel-cell-grade hydrogen production coupled with a 3 MWth biogas digester

Bock, Sebastian; Stoppacher, Bernd; Malli, Karin; Lammer, Michael; Hacker, Viktor

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114801

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The increase in the air reactor operation temperature leads to the increase in the Fe 2 O 3 temperature, and more FeO is generated in the fuel reactor, which results in the increase in H 2 production in the steam reactor. Nevertheless, the high operating temperature of the reactors can cause the sintering of the oxygen carrier [ 23 ]. Therefore, the air reactor operation temperature should be less than 1000 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isentropic efficiency and mechanical efficiency of the pressure changer (compressor, expander and pump) are 0.80 and 0.90, respectively. RGibbs block is used to model the fuel reactor, steam reactor and air reactor [ 23 ]. Flash, Pump and MHeatX blocks are developed to simulate the flash drum-2, pump and heat recovery steam generator, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Process Combining Fe-Based Chemical Looping and Biomass Pyrolysis for Cogeneration of Hydrogen, Biochar, Bio-Oil and Electricity with In-Suit CO2 Separation

Zhou

Jin

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Fe-based chemical looping gasification is a clean biomass technology, which has the advantage of reducing CO2 emissions and the potential of self-sustaining operation without supplemental heating. A novel process combining Fe-based chemical looping and biomass pyrolysis was proposed and simulated using Aspen Plus. The biomass was first subjected to pyrolysis to coproduce biochar, bio-oil and pyrolysis gas; the pyrolysis gas was subjected to an Fe looping process to obtain high-purity hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The influences of the pyrolysis reactor operating temperature and fuel reactor operation temperature, and the steam reactor and air reactor on the process performance are researched. The results showed that, under the operating condition of the established process, 23.07 kg/h of bio-oil, 24.18 kg/h of biochar, 3.35 kg/h of hydrogen and a net electricity of 3 kW can be generated from 100 kg/h of rice straw, and the outlet CO2 concentration of the fuel reactor was as high as 80%. Moreover, the whole exergy efficiency and total exergy loss of the proposed process was 58.98% and 221 kW, respectively. Additionally, compared to biomass direct chemical looping hydrogen generation technology, the new process in this paper, using biomass pyrolysis gas as a reactant in the chemical looping hydrogen generation process, can enhance the efficiency of hydrogen generation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Process Combining Fe-Based Chemical Looping and Biomass Pyrolysis for Cogeneration of Hydrogen, Biochar, Bio-Oil and Electricity with In-Suit CO2 Separation

Zhou

Jin

et al. 2023

Molecules

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“…It consists of a steam reformer and a fixed-bed chemical looping section within one tubular reactor, which enables concurrent hydrogen production and purification [10]. Thermodynamic simulations showed a process efficiency up to 84% considering optimized heat management [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deactivation of a steam reformer catalyst in chemical looping hydrogen systems: experiments and modeling

et al. 2023

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The utilization of real producer gases such as raw biogas or gasified wood for chemical looping hydrogen production implies the introduction of harmful contaminants into the process. Hydrogen sulfide represents one of the most challenging trace gases in the Reformer Steam Iron Cycle (RESC). The aim of the present work was an in-depth investigation of steam reforming with pure methane and synthetic biogas contaminated with selective concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 ppm of hydrogen sulfide. To validate the experimental data, the fixed-bed reactor system was modelled as one dimensional pseudo homogeneous plug flow reactor by an adapted Maxted model. In a preliminary thermodynamic study, the dry equilibrium composition was determined within a deviation of 4% for SMR and 2% for synthetic biogas reforming compared to the experimental results. The impact of hydrogen sulfide on the reactivity of the catalyst was characterized by the residual methane conversion. The deactivation rate and extent is directly proportional to the concentration of H2S, as higher hydrogen sulfide concentrations lead to a faster deactivation and lower residual methane conversion. A comparison of the methane conversion as a function of sulfur coverage between experimental and simulated data showed good agreement. The predicted results are within <10% deviation for SMR and synthetic biogas reforming, except for sulfur coverages between 0.6 and 0.8. The temperature in the catalyst bed was monitored throughout the deactivation process to gather additional information about the reaction behavior. It was possible to visualize the shift of the reforming reaction front towards the bottom of the reactor caused by catalyst deactivation. The impact of sulfur chemisorption on the morphology of the steam reformer catalyst was analyzed by SEM/EDS and BET techniques. SEM patterns clearly indicated the presence of sulfur as a sort of dust on the surface of the catalyst, which was confirmed by EDS analysis with a sulfur concentration of 0.04 wt%.

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“…Based on the TEA result, a process can be evaluated based on specified parameters and assumptions for a multitude of purposes. It had been conducted conventionally over the past two decades for various purposes, ranging from the evaluation of economic factors [i.e., net present value (NPV) (Lubello et al, 2021), payback period (PBP) (Datas et al, 2019), internal rate of return (IRR) (Olszewski et al, 2017;Gönül et al, 2022), return of investment (ROI) (Qian et al, 2014), discounted cash flow rate of return (DFROR) (Phillips et al, 2011), capital cost (Han et al, 2016;Jiang et al, 2020), general costs (Medina-Martos et al, 2020), profit or revenue (Pérez et al, 2021;Wiatrowski et al, 2022), economic potential (Touili et al, 2018;Bagnato and Sanna, 2019), overall economic feasibility (Comidy et al, 2019)], process factors [i.e., energy saving percentage (Kong et al, 2020), process parameter optimization (Yang et al, 2018;Samani et al, 2022), efficiency of operation (Bock et al, 2021)], and environmental factor (Fahmy et al, 2021;Shawky Ismail et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future era of techno-economic analysis: Insights from review

et al. 2022

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Techno-economic analysis (TEA) has been considered an important tool to evaluate the economic performance of industrial processes. Recently, the application of TEA has been observed to have exponential growth due to the increasing competition among businesses across various industries. Thus, this review presents a deliberate overview of TEA to inculcate the importance and relevance of TEA. To further support the aforementioned points, this review article starts with a bibliometric analysis to evaluate the applicability of TEA within the research community. Conventional TEA is widely known to be conducted via software modeling (i.e., Python, AMIS, MATLAB, Aspen HYSYS, Aspen Plus, HOMER Pro, FORTRAN, R, SysML and Microsoft Excel) without involving any correlation or optimization between the process and economic performance. Apart from that, due to the arrival of the industrial revolution (IR) 4.0, industrial processes are being revolutionized into smart industries. Thus, to retain the integrity of TEA, a similar evolution to smart industries is deemed necessary. Studies have begun to incorporate data-driven technologies (i.e., artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain) into TEA to effectively optimize both processes and economic parameters simultaneously. With this, this review explores the integration of data-driven technologies in the TEA framework. From literature reviews, it was found that genetic algorithm (GA) is the most applied data-driven technology in TEA, while the applications of blockchain, machine learning (ML), and artificial neural network (ANN) in TEA are still considerably scarce. Not to mention other advanced technologies, such as cyber-physical systems (CPS), IoT, cloud computing, big data analytics, digital twin (DT), and metaverse are yet to be incorporated into the existing TEA. The inclusion of set-up costs for the aforementioned technologies is also crucial for accurate TEA representation of smart industries deployment. Overall, this review serves as a reference note for future process engineers and industry stakeholders who wish to perform relevant TEA, which is capable to cover the new state-of-art elements under the new modern era.

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Techno-economic analysis of fixed-bed chemical looping for decentralized, fuel-cell-grade hydrogen production coupled with a 3 MWth biogas digester

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

New Process Combining Fe-Based Chemical Looping and Biomass Pyrolysis for Cogeneration of Hydrogen, Biochar, Bio-Oil and Electricity with In-Suit CO2 Separation

New Process Combining Fe-Based Chemical Looping and Biomass Pyrolysis for Cogeneration of Hydrogen, Biochar, Bio-Oil and Electricity with In-Suit CO2 Separation

Deactivation of a steam reformer catalyst in chemical looping hydrogen systems: experiments and modeling

Future era of techno-economic analysis: Insights from review

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