Techno-economic performances and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of various ammonia production pathways including conventional, carbon-capturing, nuclear-powered, and renewable production

Abstract

Ammonia (NH3) is conventionally produced using fossil natural gas (NG) for hydrogen production through steam reformation, and synthesis in Haber-Bosch (HB) process. Conventional ammonia global production contributes to more than...

Feedstock Carbon Intensity Calculator (FD-CIC): Users’ Manual and Technical Documentation

“…Grey ammonia is the ammonia produced from conventional steam methane reforming of natural gas, which is a GHG intensive process and the GREET default ammonia production option. On the other hand, green ammonia is the ammonia produced by obtaining N 2 from cryogenic distillation and H 2 from low-temperature electrolysis using renewable electricity (Lee et al 2022). This option is provided in the Inputs sheet for other feedstocks as well.…”

Hydrogen Life-Cycle Analysis in Support of Clean Hydrogen Production

“…The process data associated with O2 production in an air separation unit are taken from Aspen modeling results. 28…”

Thermocatalytic Ammonia Decomposition – Status and Current Research Demands for a Carbon‐Free Hydrogen Fuel Technology

“…The most attractive option for using ammonia as an energy carrier is the possibility of non‐oxidative catalytic decomposition to pure hydrogen and nitrogen (2 NH 3(g) ⇆N 2(g) +3 H 2(g) ; ΔH R °=+92 kJ mol −1 ), enabling the opportunity of its utilization in widely available hydrogen fuel cells and for the on‐site production of hydrogen for chemical processes. Furthermore, ammonia is being produced on a yearly 180 Mt scale through the Haber‐Bosch process [17] . Transport, storage, and distribution infrastructure is therefore already established and fully functional.…”

“…Furthermore, ammonia is being produced on a yearly 180 Mt scale through the Haber-Bosch process. [17] Transport, storage, and distribution infrastructure is therefore already established and fully functional. On top of that, with the use of renewable energy for water electrolysis a sustainable pathway to ammonia synthesis has been demonstrated, making ammonia a very attractive chemical hydrogen storage for renewable energy, if it can be reliably decomposed.…”