Techno-environmental analysis of battery storage for grid level energy services

Chowdhury, Jahedul Islam; Balta‐Ozkan, Nazmiye; Goglio, Pietro; Hu, Yukun; Varga, Liz; McCabe, Leah

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110018

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The IRR, which is a measure of return on investment, can be calculated by setting NPV to zero as shown in Eq. (11).…”

Section: = +mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the capacity of storage, it can also supply some of the variable demand that is otherwise supplied by the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) 1 . Replacing OCGT and reducing CCGT supply can have a positive impact on the reduction of GHG emissions that will eventually help the transition to net-zero target [10,11]. In addition, storage can also provide contingency if a power plant fails and can be used as a backup supply when required, which provides energy security.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a study is much needed to understand the techno-economic-environmental potentials of BESS for replacing OCGT/CCGT plants from a national grid for countries such as the UK who has already set out the plan to become netzero emission country by 2050. The authors previously studied a techno-environmental aspect of BESS for replacing CCGT, that shows that the BESS could reduce up to 2MtCO2 from the UK grid if it replaces around 30% of its CCGT generation [11]. To realise overall benefits of BESS (Li-ion) for a grid, this study investigated the techno-economic aspects of BESS coupled with curtailed wind, which are solely used for replacing OCGT/CCGT plants, by taking the UK as a case study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techno-economic optimisation of battery storage for grid-level energy services using curtailed energy from wind

Rayit

Chowdhury

Balta‐Ozkan

2021

Journal of Energy Storage

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The increasing integration of renewable energy sources makes balancing a grid challenging due to their intermittency. Renewable energy can be curtailed especially when production exceeds demand or when there is transmission and/or distribution network congestions within a grid. However, curtailment would become unnecessary with battery storage, provided the battery storage has enough available storage capacity, which can store energy during the time of excess generation and discharge it to the grid once the demand is high during peak times. Hence, stored energy from batteries can potentially offset supply from expensive and environmentally harmful peak plants e.g. open/combined cycle gas turbine. We investigated the techno-economic prospects of the utilisation of curtailed energy from wind with bulk battery storage to replace open and combined cycle gas turbine power plants, by taking the UK as a case study. A techno-economic model to size and optimise a Li-ion type battery was developed. The optimisation aimed to determine at what cost and size the storage can be commercially viable for gridlevel energy applications. Results show that under base case assumptions of a 15% day to day curtailment from wind and £200/kWh battery cost, an optimised battery size of 1.25 GWh could supply 285 GWh peak demand per annum and its corresponding net present value of £22.4m, internal rate of return of 1.7% and a payback period of 14 years could be achieved. However, to achieve the internal rate of return of 8%, a minimum hurdle rate for investment, the cost of battery would need to be below £150/kWh. Sensitivity analyses with parameters such as curtailed wind, depth of discharge, battery efficiency, and cost and income of battery show that all techno-economic parameters considered in this research have significant impacts on the commercial viability of battery storage for grid applications.

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“…The IRR, which is a measure of return on investment, can be calculated by setting NPV to zero as shown in Eq. (11).…”

Section: = +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techno-economic optimisation of battery storage for grid-level energy services using curtailed energy from wind

Rayit

Chowdhury

Balta‐Ozkan

2021

Journal of Energy Storage

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“…The rise of electric vehicles/smart energy‐grid storage have made research into lithium‐ion battery (LIB) technologies increasingly significant [1,2] . Over the last decade, battery research has spanned a number of fields, from electrochemistry to nanotechnology [3,4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rise of electric vehicles/smart energy-grid storage have made research into lithium-ion battery (LIB) technologies increasingly significant. [1,2] Over the last decade, battery research has spanned a number of fields, from electrochemistry to nanotechnology. [3,4] This research has been mainly focused on the identification of superior active materials as a way to improve the power and energy performance of LIBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calendering of Li(Ni_0.33Mn_0.33Co_0.33)O₂‐Based Cathodes: Analyzing the Link Between Process Parameters and Electrode Properties by Advanced Statistics

Primo

Touzin

Franco

2021

Batteries & Supercaps

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The optimization of the calendering process represents one of the key tasks for tuning the lithium‐ion battery performance. In this study, we present a systematic statistical‐based study of the three main calendering parameters (namely, the applied pressure, roll temperature, and line speed) effect on the porosity, electrode mechanical properties and electronic conductivity. Our work main goal is to understand how by changing the calendering parameters, the electrode properties can be tuned and up to which degree they determine the electrode capacity of Li(Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33)O2‐based cathodes. The statistical tools used for the analysis were the analysis of the covariance (ANCOVA), the principal components analysis (PCA), and the unsupervised machine learning k‐means clustering algorithm. Our results showed that while porosity and the mechanical properties depend mainly on the applied pressure, the electrode's conductivity correlates mainly with the temperature. All of them were found to influence the cathode's capacity (at a rate equal to C), being the best condition applied pressures between 60 and 120 MPa and roll temperatures between 60 and 75 °C.

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Life‐Cycle Assessment Considerations for Batteries and Battery Materials

Porzio

Scown

2021

Advanced Energy Materials

160

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Rechargeable batteries are necessary for the decarbonization of the energy systems, but life‐cycle environmental impact assessments have not achieved consensus on the environmental impacts of producing these batteries. Nonetheless, life cycle assessment (LCA) is a powerful tool to inform the development of better‐performing batteries with reduced environmental burden. This review explores common practices in lithium‐ion battery LCAs and makes recommendations for how future studies can be more interpretable, representative, and impactful. First, LCAs should focus analyses of resource depletion on long‐term trends toward more energy and resource‐intensive material extraction and processing rather than treating known reserves as a fixed quantity being depleted. Second, future studies should account for extraction and processing operations that deviate from industry best‐practices and may be responsible for an outsized share of sector‐wide impacts, such as artisanal cobalt mining. Third, LCAs should explore at least 2–3 battery manufacturing facility scales to capture size‐ and throughput‐dependent impacts such as dry room conditioning and solvent recovery. Finally, future LCAs must transition away from kg of battery mass as a functional unit and instead make use of kWh of storage capacity and kWh of lifetime energy throughput.

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Techno-environmental analysis of battery storage for grid level energy services

Cited by 37 publications

References 39 publications

Techno-economic optimisation of battery storage for grid-level energy services using curtailed energy from wind

Techno-economic optimisation of battery storage for grid-level energy services using curtailed energy from wind

Calendering of Li(Ni_0.33Mn_0.33Co_0.33)O₂‐Based Cathodes: Analyzing the Link Between Process Parameters and Electrode Properties by Advanced Statistics

Life‐Cycle Assessment Considerations for Batteries and Battery Materials

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Techno-environmental analysis of battery storage for grid level energy services

Cited by 37 publications

References 39 publications

Techno-economic optimisation of battery storage for grid-level energy services using curtailed energy from wind

Techno-economic optimisation of battery storage for grid-level energy services using curtailed energy from wind

Calendering of Li(Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33)O2‐Based Cathodes: Analyzing the Link Between Process Parameters and Electrode Properties by Advanced Statistics

Life‐Cycle Assessment Considerations for Batteries and Battery Materials

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Product

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Calendering of Li(Ni_0.33Mn_0.33Co_0.33)O₂‐Based Cathodes: Analyzing the Link Between Process Parameters and Electrode Properties by Advanced Statistics