Technogenic Tritium in Central European Precipitations

Hebert, D.

doi:10.1080/10256019008622441

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Technogenic tritium is produced in various industries, such as nuclear power plants, nuclear reactors, future fusion reactors, fuel reprocessing plants, heavy water production facilities, medical diagnostics, radiopharmaceuticals, luminous paints, sign illumination, self-luminous aircraft, airport runway lights, luminous dials, and gauges and wrist watches [55][56][57][58]. Technogenic tritium causes deviations from the "anthropogenically modified natural tritium distribution" at a local or regional level.…”

Section: Tritiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Isotope Records of Precipitation in Zagreb, Croatia

Bronić

Barešić

Borković

et al. 2020

Water

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The isotope composition of precipitation has been monitored in monthly precipitation at Zagreb, Croatia, since 1976. Here, we present a statistical analysis of available long-term isotope data (3H activity concentration, δ2H, δ18O, and deuterium excess) and compare them to basic meteorological data. The aim was to see whether isotope composition reflected observed climate changes in Zagreb: a significant increase in the annual air temperature and larger variations in the precipitation amount. Annual mean δ18O and δ2H values showed an increase of 0.017‰ and 0.14‰ per year, respectively, with larger differences in monthly mean values in the first half of the year than in the second half. Mean annual d-excess remained constant over the whole long-term period, with a tendency for monthly mean d-excess values to decrease in the first half of the year and increase in the second half due to the influence of air masses originating from the eastern Mediterranean. Changes in the stable isotope composition of precipitation thus resembled changes in the temperature, the circulation pattern of air masses, and the precipitation regime. A local meteoric water line was obtained using different regression methods, which did not result in significant differences between nonweighted and precipitation-weighted slope and intercept values. Deviations from the Global Meteoric Water Line GMWL (lower slopes and intercepts) were observed in two recent periods and could be explained by changes in climate parameters. The temperature gradient of δ18O was 0.33‰/°C. The tritium activity concentrations in precipitation showed slight decreases during the last two decades, and the mean A in the most recent period, 2012–2018, was 7.6 ± 0.8 Tritium Units (TU).

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Section: Tritiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Isotope Records of Precipitation in Zagreb, Croatia

Bronić

Barešić

Borković

et al. 2020

Water

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“…It is known, that d values can alter as the air mass moves inland, due to secondary processes such as evaporation from an open surface water body which returns moisture to the air (craIg & gordon, 1965;MerlIVat & jouzel, 1979;gat et al, 1994;gat, 1996). In addition, d values can change as precipitation falls through the atmosphere (gat, 1996; araguas-araguas et al, 2000; peng et al, 2004) or as the precipitation sample sits in the precipitation collector (harVeY, 2005). It was estimated that the initial d values should not be less than 3 ‰ and that lower values should be used with caution unless the source of their evaporative enrichment is known (harVeY, 2005).…”

Section: Meteorological Data: Precipitation and Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, d values can change as precipitation falls through the atmosphere (gat, 1996; araguas-araguas et al, 2000; peng et al, 2004) or as the precipitation sample sits in the precipitation collector (harVeY, 2005). It was estimated that the initial d values should not be less than 3 ‰ and that lower values should be used with caution unless the source of their evaporative enrichment is known (harVeY, 2005). A high proportion (15 %) of d values was <3 ‰ (Table 2).…”

Section: Meteorological Data: Precipitation and Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic composition of precipitation at the station Portorož, Slovenia – period 2007–2010

Vreča¹,

Bronić²,

Leis³

2015

Geologija

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The stable isotopic composition of oxygen and hydrogen (δ 18 O and δ 2 H) and the tritium activity (A) were monitored in precipitation at synoptic station Portorož (Slovenia) during the period 2007-2010. Monthly and yearly isotope variations are discussed and compared with those observed over the period 2001-2006 and with the basic meteorological parameters. The mean values for δ 18 O and δ 2 H, weighted by precipitation, are-6.28 ‰ and-41.6 ‰, and these values are 0.35 ‰ and 1.6 ‰ higher but not significantly different than for the period 2001-2006. The reduced major axis (RMA) local meteoric water line (LMWL RMA) for the period 2007-2010 is δ 2 H = (8.14 ± 0.25)×δ 18 O + (8.28 ± 1.64), while the precipitation weighted least square regression (PWLSR) results in LMWL PWLSR δ 2 H = (7.87 ± 0.28)×δ 18 O + (7.97 ± 1.87). The deuterium excess (δ) weighted mean value is 8.6 ‰ and is 1.2 ‰ lower than in 2001-2006, while the temperature coefficient of δ 18 O is 0.21 ‰/°C and is for 0.02 ‰/°C higher than for the previous period. The mean Mediterranean precipitation index (MI) for the period 2007-2010 is 2.3. Lower values of MI and deuterium excess than in the preceding period indicate stronger continental climatic character during observation period, however the differences are not statistically significant. The weighted mean tritium activity is 6.4 TU, which is 0.5 TU lower but not significantly different than in 2001-2006. Izvleček V prispevku obravnavamo izotopsko sestavo kisika in vodika (δ 18 O in δ 2 H) ter aktivnosti tricija (A) v mesečnih vzorcih padavin, ki smo jo spremljali na sinoptični postaji Portorož (Slovenija) v obdobju 2007-2010. Analizirali smo mesečne in letne spremembe izotopske sestave padavin in jih primerjali z nizom podatkov za obdobje 2001-2006 ter z osnovnimi meteorološkimi parametri. Srednje tehtane vrednosti δ 18 O in δ 2 H določene ob upoštevanju izmerjene količine padavin znašajo

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“…3b), anomalously high tritium concentrations have been recorded in Krakow in May 1996, August 2000, May 2012 and in July 2018. These anomalously high concentrations are most probably linked to episodic emissions of technogenic tritium on the European continent (Hebert 1990). Possible sources are nuclear power reactors and applications of artificial tritium in medicine and in watch industry.…”

Section: Tritium Content In Monthly Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic composition of precipitation in Poland: a 44-year record

et al. 2019

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Isotopic composition of precipitation (2 H /1 H and 18 O/ 16 O isotope ratios, tritium content) is nowadays widely used in numerous applications of environmental isotopes-most notably in hydrology, climatology and biogeochemistry. Here we present a long record (44 years) of stable isotope composition and tritium content in monthly precipitation available for the Krakow station (southern Poland). Krakow is the only site in Poland for which long-term record of the isotopic composition of monthly precipitation is available. The tritium data are discussed here in the context of generally declining levels of bomb tritium in the global atmosphere and growing influence of technogenic emissions of this isotope. Two aspects of temporal variability of stable isotope composition of precipitation collected in Krakow are discussed here: (i) seasonality and (ii) interannual changes of δ 18 O and δ 2 H signal. Whereas the seasonality of stable isotope signal is generated mainly by seasonally varying the degree of rainout of air masses bringing moisture from the source regions (subtropical Atlantic Ocean) to the centre of the European continent, the North Atlantic Oscillation seems to govern interannual changes of δ 18 O and δ 2 H on the decadal timescale. Progressing warming of the local atmosphere, in the order of 1.8 °C in the past four decades, leaves its imprint in stable isotope signal measured in Krakow precipitation; the slope of isotope-temperature relationship is in the order of 0.50‰/°C for δ 18 O and 3.5‰/°C for δ 2 H.

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Technogenic Tritium in Central European Precipitations

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Long-Term Isotope Records of Precipitation in Zagreb, Croatia

Long-Term Isotope Records of Precipitation in Zagreb, Croatia

Isotopic composition of precipitation at the station Portorož, Slovenia – period 2007–2010

Isotopic composition of precipitation in Poland: a 44-year record

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