Technology and implementation issues related to water-pumping windmills

Bishop, N. W. M.; Burton, John

doi:10.1016/s0973-0826(08)60591-8

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The multi-blade American windmills have mainly been used for mechanical power generation with direct shaft connection for water pumping. They have a record recognized performance[43][44][45] in the USA, Australia, Argentine[46], South Africa, Colombia, India[47], China, Netherlands, France, Greece[48], and elsewhere, in an environment of low height and low-speed winds. The main focus of the research should be the optimization of rotor design, once variable frequency generation combined with an inverter system for frequency and voltage regulation and associated power electronics devices are readily available for mechanical power conversion to electricity.Moreover, the intensity of wind turbulence in urban environments can be much higher than in open fields and, in most cases, can significantly impact energy production requiring additional studies[49].Besides further improvements in technical design, the scale gained with SWT's market expansion can reduce investment is expensive.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Implantation, Operation Data and Performance Assessment of An Urban Area Grid-Connected Small Wind Turbine

Bassi

Rodrigues

Sauer

2022

Wind

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Over the last few decades, and more prominently currently, many countries have launched and reinforced campaigns to reduce CO2 emissions from all human activities and, in the area of energy, promote energy generating technologies from low carbon, renewable sources, especially wind and solar. In recent years, this promotion of renewables can be seen in statistics as well as an extraordinary increase in plants using renewable sources. There is more activity surrounding the use of small devices installed close to consumers, such as small wind turbines (SWT). In cities, the best places to install SWT are tall buildings. The Institute of Energy and Environment (IEE-USP) has installed a 1.8 kW SWT on the University of São Paulo campus in São Paulo, Brazil. Even with low-magnitude winds at the site, the SWT installation was carried out to serve as a didactic apparatus and demonstration initiative of wind energy generation connected directly to the University’s electric grid, which already has other embedded renewable sources installed, namely photovoltaic and biogas plants. The turbine was placed on the roof of the existing High Voltage Laboratory building, leading to an operating height of 35 m. This paper presents previous local wind data measurements using a Lidar system, annual energy yield estimation calculations, and measurements, also bringing all implementation details. It reports and analyzes the operation and energy production data from three full operational years, from 2018 to 2020, discussing and concluding with further improvements of SWT from technical and economic aspects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Implantation, Operation Data and Performance Assessment of An Urban Area Grid-Connected Small Wind Turbine

Bassi

Rodrigues

Sauer

2022

Wind

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“…High starting torque can be alleviated using gearboxes; however, this introduces complexity and increases the cost. Further, they are difficult to build, maintain, and repair by the rural populace in remote and off‐grid locations who are most likely not technically trained 7 . For these reasons, we will only examine direct drive (gearless) water pumping windmills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, they are difficult to build, maintain, and repair by the rural populace in remote and off-grid locations who are most likely not technically trained. 7 For these reasons, we will only examine direct drive (gearless) water pumping windmills. High σ complicates the aerodynamics by mutual interaction of the blades and operation at low λ means that the Reynolds number, Re, is also low.…”

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confidence: 99%

Helical vortex theory and blade element analysis of multi‐bladed windmills

2022

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Multi-bladed windmills usually pump water for agriculture and domestic consumption, often in remote locations. Although they have been around for over 150 years, their aerodynamic performance is still poorly understood. This paper describes the use of helical vortex theory (HVT) and blade element momentum (BEM) analysis to predict windmill thrust, torque, and extracted power. We emphasize the unusual features of windmills: low Reynolds numbers and tip speed ratios and high solidity, all related to the generation of high torque at low wind speeds. Wind tunnel tests on a model rotor with 3, 6, 12, and 24 circular-arc, constant-chord blades determined the thrust, torque, and extracted power over a range of tip speed ratio that extended to runaway. For comparison, BEM was implemented with a correction for finite blade number derived from HVT, as well as the classical Prandtl tip loss factor. The HVT correction predicted the rotor power coefficient to within 3% of the test data on the average. At low tip speed ratios and smaller blade numbers, HVT was consistently more accurate than the Prandtl factor. At all blade numbers, the measured rotor torque exceeded the BEM predictions at the lowest tip speed ratios indicating stall delay which became more important (and more beneficial for windmill performance) as the blade number increased. The Prandtl formulation predicted the thrust to within a mean accuracy of 13% and was more accurate than the HVT method.

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Identification of objectives for national energy planning in developing countries

Lee

Leal

Dias

2018

Energy Strategy Reviews

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Defining objectives is an essential part of planning processes, useful to induce creative alternatives and to derive the attributes (criteria) on which the alternatives will be assessed. This article identifies a set of energy planning (EP) objectives and measurable attributes specifically tailored for promoting sustainability in developing countries. A literature review was conducted as part of a problem structuring activity to identify applicable EP objectives. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), with an emphasis on Ghana, was used as a representative area of study. Two EP objectives specific to the context of the ECOWAS were identified, namely, to maximize the maintainability of the final energy supply system and to maximize the access to final energy services. These were included within a set of EP objectives which consisted of the additional objectives to maximize primary energy security, to maximize the reliability of the final energy system, to minimize costs (investment, operation & maintenance), to minimize the influence of the energy system on the global climate, and to minimize the impact of the energy system on the local environment. These EP objectives were made operational through the identification of a set of corresponding measurable attributes. This EP objective set, used within a structured EP methodology, may support the implementation and sustainability of national EP activities in the countries of the region. Highlights  Identifies energy planning objectives and attributes for developing countries  Energy planning objectives may support plan implementation in the ECOWAS  Two unique energy planning objectives were made explicit in problem structuring  One unique objective was maximizing the maintainability of the final energy system  Evaluation of achievement of objectives realized through quantifiable attributes

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Technology and implementation issues related to water-pumping windmills

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Implantation, Operation Data and Performance Assessment of An Urban Area Grid-Connected Small Wind Turbine

Implantation, Operation Data and Performance Assessment of An Urban Area Grid-Connected Small Wind Turbine

Helical vortex theory and blade element analysis of multi‐bladed windmills

Identification of objectives for national energy planning in developing countries

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