“…Connecting to Giddens' (1984) work, Redmond (2009) defines agency as the "capacity to act" (p. 544) and describes it in terms of the choices available to young children and children's awareness about these choices. The social justice discourse in education argues that educational environments, including digital environments, need to be designed in ways to socially empower children to make their own choices (Vanbecelaere et al, 2020) and to ensure that all children, regardless of background or predispositions, can actively participate in meaning making, literacy, and learning activities (Hempel-Jorgensen, 2015). Learning environments that disregard children's active participation negatively impact their development (Berthelsen, & Brownlee, 2005) and deficit discourses that position children as lacking certain capabilities, including agency, disregard the collective forces that shape the opportunities available to children to express their individuality and particularness (e.g., Mary & Young, 2018;Carela, 2019).…”