Technology of Niobium Ferroalloys

Gasik, Mikhail

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097753-9.00014-9

Cited by 27 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…It falls under group V of the periodic table and exhibits a bcc crystal structure. 154 Niobium has excellent potential as an implant material because of its outstanding biocompatibility and high corrosion resistance. Owing to poor mechanical properties, Nb is restricted from utilizing as implant material.…”

Section: Effect Of Nbmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on β-Ti alloys for biomedical applications: The influence of alloy composition and thermomechanical processing on mechanical properties, phase composition, and microstructure

Kanapaakala

Sathesh

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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Titanium and its alloys are potential materials for orthopedic implant applications due to their appropriate biological and mechanical behavior. As biocompatibility and biomechanical compatibilities are essential parameters for determining a biomedical implant's performance and service life, this research review article discussed the novel Ti alloys with nontoxic and biocompatible alloying elements with an elastic modulus similar to the bone. Among Ti alloys, β-Ti alloys are appropriate for load-bearing implant applications due to lower elastic modulus and nontoxic elements, including Ti, Ta, Nb, Zr, Sn, and Mo. Even though the β-Ti alloys possess a lesser elastic modulus compared to other metallic biomaterials, two issues associated with β-Ti alloys that result in implant failure are that they still possess a higher elastic modulus than human bone and they have insufficient strength. Alloy composition and thermomechanical processing characteristics play a vital role in altering the mechanical properties and microstructure of β-Ti alloys. Hence, this review article emphasizes the alloying and thermomechanical processing effects on the mechanical properties and microstructure of β-Ti alloys.

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Section: Effect Of Nbmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on β-Ti alloys for biomedical applications: The influence of alloy composition and thermomechanical processing on mechanical properties, phase composition, and microstructure

Kanapaakala

Sathesh

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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“…It is extracted by either open-pit or underground method. 15 HC FeCr is typically produced by a carbothermic reduction of chromite ore in either a submerged arc furnace (SAF) or a direct current (DC) arc furnace. The carbides (e.g., Cr 7 C3, Cr 3 C 2 ) form prior to the metallic Cr during smelting process because of the low Gibbs free energy for the formation of carbides under most smelting temperature ranges; 15 see typical chemical reactions in Eqs.…”

Section: Production Routes Of Hc Fecrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal energy of the in-and outgoing source in the process is calculated by using Eqs. 15 The chemical reaction heat (DH R,T ) at a specified temperature is the sum of the enthalpies of the products minus the sum of the enthalpies of the reactants, described in Eq. 18 (n is the mole of the productants or reactants).…”

Section: Description Of Process Model Based On Mass and Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of High-Carbon Ferrochrome Production

Wei

Samuelsson

Jönsson

et al. 2023

JOM

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This work presents a process model developed based on mass and energy conservation to assess high carbon ferrochrome production from cradle to gate through four supply routes: (1) a conventional submerged arc furnace (SAF), (2) a closed submerged arc furnace with preheating (CSAF+PH), (3) a closed submerged arc furnace with 60% prereduction (CSAF+PR60%) and (4) a direct-current arc furnace (DCAF). The energy requirements are between 40 and 59 GJ/t FeCr (74–111 GJ/t Cr), and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions range between 1.8 and 5.5 tCO2-eq/t FeCr (3.3–10.3 tCO2-eq/t Cr). The upgrading of coal-powered SAF process to a closed furnace CSAF+PH and CSAF+PR60% contributes to an emission reduction of 23% and 18%, respectively. Moreover, the use of hydro-powered electricity leads to a further emission reduction of 68% and 47%, respectively. For CSAF+PR process, the GHG emissions can be reduced by 14% when increasing the pre-reduction ratio from 30% to 80% and decreased by 10% when charging hotter feed from 100 °C to 1000 °C. The proposed process model is feasible in generating site-specific inventory data and allowing for parameter studies as well as supporting companies to improve the transparency of the environmental performance in the FeCr value chain.

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“…The abovementioned is the case of niobium (Nb) or tantalum (Ta), both crucial for EEE and renewable energies. Niobium is an essential metal for manufacturing ferroalloys, such as ferroniobium, containing between 60%-70% niobium [11]. It also forms part of high-strength low alloy (HSLA) steels [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation to Recover Niobium and Tantalum from the Tin Slags of the Old Penouta Mine: A Case Study

et al. 2021

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Demand for niobium and tantalum is increasing exponentially as these are essential ingredients for the manufacture of, among others, capacitors in technological devices and ferroniobium. Mine tailings rich in such elements could constitute an important source of Nb and Ta in the future and alleviate potential supply risks. This paper evaluates the possibility of recovering niobium and tantalum from the slags generated during the tin beneficiation process of mine tailings from the old Penouta mine, located in Spain. To do so, a simulation of the processes required to beneficiate and refine both elements is carried out. After carbothermic tin reduction, the slags are sent to a hydrometallurgical process where niobium oxide and tantalum oxide are obtained at the end. Reagents, water, and energy consumption, in addition to emissions, effluents, and product yields, are assessed. Certain factors were identified as critical, and recirculation was encouraged in the model to maximise production and minimise reagents’ use and wastes. With this simulation, considering 3000 production hours per year, the metal output from the tailings of the old mine could cover around 1% and 7.4% of the world annual Nb and Ta demand, respectively.

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Technology of Niobium Ferroalloys

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

A review on β-Ti alloys for biomedical applications: The influence of alloy composition and thermomechanical processing on mechanical properties, phase composition, and microstructure

A review on β-Ti alloys for biomedical applications: The influence of alloy composition and thermomechanical processing on mechanical properties, phase composition, and microstructure

Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of High-Carbon Ferrochrome Production

Simulation to Recover Niobium and Tantalum from the Tin Slags of the Old Penouta Mine: A Case Study

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