Technology, safety, and costs of decommissioning a reference pressurized water reactor power station. Appendices

Editors' Choice—Review—Electro-Kinetic Decontamination of Radioactive Concrete Waste from Nuclear Power Plants

“…The U.S. National Regulatory Commission (NRC) collected and analyzed concrete samples from bio-shield concrete walls during actual decommissioning projects. 53,54 The target radionuclides selected for this analysis were 152, 154, 155 Eu, 60 Co, 54 Mn, 63 Ni, 59 Fe, 160 Tb, 182 Ta, 181 Hf, 51 Cr, 124 Sb, 134 Cs, 85 Sr, 46 Sc, and 65 Zn. Fig.…”

“…53,55 Oregon, U.S.) system operated for 30 years. 53,55 The CANDU data revealed that most metal nuclides (e.g., 54 Mn, 60 Co, 134 Cs, 144 Ce, 152 Eu) were detected within a depth of 4 cm from the surface of the wall on the side of the reactor core ( Fig. 3) because metal nuclides have low mobility.…”

“…3 summarizes the specific activity data of radionuclides found in the concrete wall between the reactor core and the reactor vault in a 19.5-MW CANDU (Canada deuterium uranium reactor) system operated for 25 years, and the specific activity data of radionuclides detected in a concrete bio-shield of a 1175-MW PWR (Trojan reactor, 53,55 Oregon, U.S.) system operated for 30 years. 53,55 The CANDU data revealed that most metal nuclides (e.g., 54 Mn, 60 Co, 134 Cs, 144 Ce, 152 Eu) were detected within a depth of 4 cm from the surface of the wall on the side of the reactor core (Fig. 3) because metal nuclides have low mobility.…”