Technology surveillance in veterinary vaccine adjuvants (2015-2022): University-industry interaction

Abstract

Context: The new generation of immunoenhancers will have to offer solutions to each clinical and technological limitation that currently exists. This innovative context requires periodic technological surveillance by the veterinary biopharmaceutical industry to anticipate technological changes and predict future competitive advantages. Aims: To evaluate the current status, scientific trends, and technological projections in the use of veterinary immunological adjuvants for productive and companion species in the period 2015 and 2021. Methods: The bibliometric analysis included scientific articles on adjuvants in veterinary medicine published in English in 2015–2021 and indexed on the Scopus and Web of Science platforms. All relevant records retrieved between 2015 and 2022 were grouped using the EndNote bibliographic manager, while the analysis of the relational metric indicator was performed and viewed by VOSviewer®. Instead, data on the main commercial veterinary vaccine adjuvants in 2022 were collected from the official websites of 20 veterinary vaccine manufacturers with experience in the market. Results: The academy dedicated 68.2% of its production to disseminating articles with original experimental results with 73.6% being novel notifications about adjuvants of natural, microbial and nanotechnological origin. Industrial production mainly used monoadjuvation (86.9%), inorganic salts adjuvants (48.1%), particularly aluminum hydroxide (43.0%), and classical technology (89.2%) to produce their commercial formulations. Ruminants, swines, and poultry dominated both sectors, with ruminants being the main protagonist. Conclusions: The new scientific knowledge will not have a significant impact on the veterinary pharmaceutical industry in the short term and the hegemonic continuity of traditional adjuvants, in particular aluminum hydroxide, is expected.

Global commercialization and research of veterinary vaccines against Pasteurella multocida: 2015–2022 technological surveillance

“…The remaining investigations available on this topic tried to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of several oily adjuvants [81] and emulsions [82,83] in different animal species. They all attempted to overcome the strong Th2-type stimulation generated by aluminum hydroxide, which is a highly appreciated and desirable property for any adjuvant involved in combating extracellular pathogens, such as P. multocida [84].…”

“…Different compounds of plant and animal origin converged with varying degrees of experimental development in this last small group of substances. The biopolymer chitosan and the polysaccharide inulin can be mentioned among the most advanced compounds, which have a certain degree of application in recombinant subunits [65] and DNA vaccines [74,84]. Despite these examples, it can be stated that their level of application is low, and it will take a long time to prove that they are stable, reproducible, robust, and scalable.…”