Tecnología para la elaboración de bebida gaseosa estimulante y acalórica a base de hojas de coca y estevia (Erythroxylum coca, Stevia rebaudiana bertoni)

Abstract

Objetivos: Diseñar la tecnología de procesamiento para la elaboración de bebida carbonatada a base de coca y stevia. Diseño: Factorial para el proceso, y en bloques al azar para el control de calidad. Institución: Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM. Participantes: Panel de degustación integrado por 8 personas. Intervenciones: Método general de elaboración de gaseosas. Principales medidas de resultados: Concentración del jarabe, regulación de pH, dilución, volumen de CO2, determinación de levaduras, valor energético, tiempo de vida útil. Resultados: Materia prima: hojas de coca y steviosido. Se preparó el jarabe con 10 g de coca por litro de agua tratada, extracción en caliente, se enfrió; al filtrado se agregó steviosido 2 g por litro de jarabe; se ajustó el PH a 3,5 con ácido cítrico, dilución adecuada 1:2 de jarabe:agua tratada. Se envasó en botellas PET, se gasificó a Tº de 5ºC, a volumen de 3,5 – 3,75 vol/CO2, con sellado hermético; se etiquetó y almacenó. Se verificó el control de calidad vol/CO2, volumen de llenado, apariencia, ausencia de cuerpos extraños, sedimentos, sabor, examen microbiológico con recuento menor de 10 levaduras por 20 mL. Conclusiones: La coca, por sus propiedades estimulantes y terapéuticas, puede ser utilizada con la stevia, por su poder edulcorante 30 veces más dulce que el azúcar, en la elaboración de bebidas gaseosas y similares.

Critical Tissue Residue Approach Linking Accumulated Metals in Aquatic Insects to Population and Community-Level Effects

“…Not only does the technique isolate effects on the maximum response values protected by environmental standards, but it offers an unbiased measure of the effect of a stressor on populations in the presence of other potential limiting factors. 39,40,42,43 For example, metal mixtures often influence streams and it is possible cadmium (Cd) was a colimiter of insect density in our study. 50 Co-limitation of insect density by Cd and Zn would cause density to fall below expected values given Zn alone, biasing the average or other response levels below the maximum limiting function.…”

“…Recently researchers have been interested in developing fieldbased environmental quality standards for stressors. 39,40,43,49 However, the statistical tools necessary to deal with the limitations associated with field-based data have only recently been introduced and utilized in ecology. 40,42 Here, quantile regression was used to estimate the concentration of metals that causes an unacceptable change in an ecological resource (maximum density, 90th quantile).…”

“…50 Co-limitation of insect density by Cd and Zn would cause density to fall below expected values given Zn alone, biasing the average or other response levels below the maximum limiting function. 39 The 90th quantile is a projection of the maximum observable density in the absence of other limiting factors and is less biased by these confounding variables than mean-based estimators of effects (e.g., one-way analysis of variance or ordinary least-squares regression). 39,42…”

“…39 The 90th quantile is a projection of the maximum observable density in the absence of other limiting factors and is less biased by these confounding variables than mean-based estimators of effects (e.g., one-way analysis of variance or ordinary least-squares regression). 39,42…”

“…41,42 This property of regression quantiles facilitates the estimation of a rate of change (slope) for any quantile or resource value (e.g., 90th quantile of density) as a function of a stressor. 39,40,43 The maximum observable density can be constrained by accumulated Zn at some locations while other limiting factors (e.g., habitat, life history, and other metals) may not permit this maximum value. Therefore, the 90th quantile is the maximum density that could be observed at a site in the absence of other limiting factors.…”