Tectonic Morphometric Studies as a Tool for Terrain Characterization in the Himalayan Foothill Region – A Case Study

Chaudhri, A. R.

doi:10.1007/s12594-012-0025-z

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The Himalayan tectonic activity reached its acme during the Quaternary period. During the period of deposition (Mid Miocene to Early Pleistocene) of the Siwalik sediments, the tectonic activity manifested itself in the formation of numerous fold and thrust structures [33], which intermittently increased the local relief triggering heightened erosion of the pre-existing rocks located adjacent to fore deep. The growth of the Himalaya also contributed significantly in altering the atmospheric circulation pattern and consequent climatic readjustments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay Minerals as Climate Change Indicators—A Case Study

Chaudhri¹,

Singh²

2012

AJCC

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The clay mineralogy of the Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene Pinjor Formation of the type area, northwestern Himalaya, India has been investigated to understand the paleoclimatic conditions and paleotectonic regime prevailing in the frontal Himalayan terrain during 2.5 Ma to 1.7 Ma. The clay minerals were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscope studies. Study of the oriented aggregates of 47 representative clay samples of the Pinjor Formation of the type area reveals that illite is the most dominant mineral followed by chlorite, kaolinite, vermiculite and mixed layer clay minerals. The distribution of the clay minerals in the three lithostratigraphic units of the Formation, namely the Kona Clay Member, the Tanda Bhagwanpur Wacke Member and the Chauki Nadah Pebbly Bed Member which are well exposed along the Berwala-Mandhna section, the Kona-Karaundanwala section and the Ghaggar River-Chauki Nadah section, is nearly uniform suggesting thereby the prevalence of similar sedimentation environments in the Himalayan foreland basin. The presence of illite and kaolinite suggests their derivation from crystalline rocks containing felspar and mica as also from pre-existing soils and sedimentary rocks. Further, the paleoclimatic conditions were moderate. Presence of chlorite suggests the weathering of intermediate and basic crystalline rocks and low grade metamorphic rocks in the positive areas. The presence of kaolinite in the Pinjor Formation is mainly attributed to the weathering and subsequent leaching of the mineral from granitic and basic rocks in the hinterland. Vermiculite has been mainly formed by weathering and transformation of biotite. Warm and humid climatic conditions prevailed for a major part during the deposition of the detritus which favored weathering and transformation of minerals. During the terminal phase of sedimentation there was renewed tectonic activity which had a significant impact on climate as precipitation and mechanical weathering rates increased substantially. Post 1.7 Ma there was a marked shift in temperature patterns and subsequent cooling of the landmass, which resulted in a decreased vegetation cover and a subsequent decrease in animal population thriving on it.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay Minerals as Climate Change Indicators—A Case Study

Chaudhri¹,

Singh²

2012

AJCC

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“…This fault orientation is nearly parallel to the trend exhibited by the MBT, Nalagarh Thrust, Nahan Thrust, and other regional tectonic elements in the region. Lineaments are trending parallel to the Trilokpur Fault, an NW-SE striking left-lateral strike-slip fault with significant oblique-slip (Chaudhri, 2012). The Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) demarcates a tectonic and physiographic boundary between the Upper Siwalik sandstone and conglomerate of the Frontal Siwalik Range and the late Quaternary -Holocene fluvial sediments of the Ingo Gangetic Plains (4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Lineaments Control on Drainage Development in Between Chandigarh and Kashipur using Geospatial Techniques

Singh¹,

Prakash²,

Ram³

et al. 2021

JSR

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The Himalayas form the Northern frontiers of the Indian subcontinent. Many streams originate in these mountain ranges and descend to the adjoining plains known as the Indo-Gangetic plains. The Himalayas presently experience immense stresses as a result of which multiple faults and shear zones traverse it. The signature of these large-scale structural elements on the surface can be identified in the form of lineaments. The Himalayas can be longitudinally divided into the Siwaliks, Lesser Himalayas, Middle Himalayas, and the Higher Himalayas, with each of these units being separated by active fault systems. Four significant trends of lineaments are observed in the area viz. NW-SE, NNW-SSE, NE-SW, and E-W. These trends also resemble with the preexisting subsurface deformational pattern of the study area.

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“…[15] described the shutter ridges and sag ponds along the Jainti Devi Fault near Chandigarh. [16] [17] described the neotectonic and seismo-tectonic characterization of the frontal Himalayan terrain. [18] documented recent fold growth and drainage development in the Janauri and Chandigarh anticlines of the Siwalik foothills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21] assessed the tectonic character of the terrain in the Frontal Siwalik hills near Trilokpur, northwestern Himalaya using remote sensing and tectonic morphometric approach. A comprehensive evaluation of the tectonic morphometric indices in terrain characterization has been attempted by [22]. Besides [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] have also worked on active tectonic aspects in the frontal Himalayan terrain of the northwestern Himalaya.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Tectonic Strike-Slip Fault Development near Goran, Samba and Kathua Districts, Jammu and Kashmir

Sharma¹,

Chaudhri²

2020

OJG

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Active tectonic morphometric studies of the sparsely investigated frontal Siwalik terrain around Goran in the Samba district bordering the Kathua district of J&K reveal the presence of NW-SE trending active sinistral strike-slip fault with oblique slip component which is parallel to the Surin-Masatgarh anticline. The Basantar River, the Tarnah stream, the Ujh River, the Sahaar stream and the Ravi River exhibit significant stream offsets where the fault crosses these channels. The values of the morphometric indices viz. stream sinuosity index (S), stream length gradient index (SL), valley floor width to valley height ratio (V f), mountain front sinuosity index (S mf), hypsometric integral (Hi), basin asymmetry ratio (AF) and basin elongation ratio (Eb) calculated along the linear river offsets with respect to longitudinal River segments of the Rivers Basantar, Tarnah, Ujh, Sahaar and Ravi Rivers reveal that terrain is tectonically active and can be placed in tectonic active class I. The fault has an apparent offset of about 2000 m with it as it crosses the Basantar, the Tarnah, the Ujh, the Sahaar and the Ravi Rivers. The stream offsets upon field and laboratory investigations are developed due to an active sinistral strike slip fault which is being named as Goran fault. This fault has a surface expression of 100 km extending from the Basantar in the northwest up to the Beas River in the southwest whereas the remaining segment may exist as a hidden fault all along the Himalaya.

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Tectonic Morphometric Studies as a Tool for Terrain Characterization in the Himalayan Foothill Region – A Case Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Clay Minerals as Climate Change Indicators—A Case Study

Clay Minerals as Climate Change Indicators—A Case Study

Study of Lineaments Control on Drainage Development in Between Chandigarh and Kashipur using Geospatial Techniques

Active Tectonic Strike-Slip Fault Development near Goran, Samba and Kathua Districts, Jammu and Kashmir

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