Tectonics of the Himalaya: an introduction

Mukherjee, Soumyajit; Carosi, Rodolfo; Beek, Peter van der; Mukherjee, B. K.; Robinson, Delores M.

doi:10.1144/sp412.14

Cited by 43 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Inheritance of preexisting structures associated with relay ramps and transfer zones identified from seismic fault mapping has been documented from the eastern part of the basin (Bladon et al 2014), whereas the western margin, though fault bound, is affected by flexural uplift due to isostasy. The northern margin is defined by the Devikot-Fatehgarh Fault, which slipped, possibly during the late Tertiary, as a result of Himalayan collisional tectonics (Compton 2009;Koyi 2010a, 2010b;van Hinsbergen et al 2012;Mukherjee 2013aMukherjee , 2015aMukherjee et al 2013Mukherjee et al , 2015Kelly et al 2014). The Fatehgarh Formation-the main reservoir system of the Barmer basin-was exposed along this ENE fault trend.…”

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Brittle Shear Tectonics in a Narrow Continental Rift: Asymmetric Nonvolcanic Barmer Basin (Rajasthan, India)

Dasgupta

Mukherjee

2017

The Journal of Geology

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Our field studies emphasizing brittle shear P-and Y-planes along the margins of the Barmer basin (Rajasthan, India) support its two-phase (NW-SE, followed by NE-SW) extension during Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous-Paleocene periods. We also document nearly NE-trending megascale transfer zones along the northern margin of the Barmer basin. Preexisting brittle planes in the Malani basement rocks guided the relay structures here. Structures at the western basin shoulder margin indicate NE-SW extension, and the crosscut relation connotes the relative timing of the two extension phases. The crosscutting conjugate fault sets are non-Andersonian. The NW-trending faults produced by the second-phase extension and the inherited NNW-trending brittle features are dominantly dip-slip. Prior fractures of the Malani rocks at ≥457 to the NE-SW principal extension direction extended the Barmer basin obliquely during the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene period. The asymmetric nature of the rift, too, connotes its oblique rifting. The extension direction of the first phase probably rotated clockwise. This is derived mainly from WSW-trending faults cutting NE-trending faults. Brittle planes of shear and fracture significantly promoted fluid flow, as understood from secondary hydrothermal mineral deposits (Barmer hill area) and pre-Deccan basalts (Sarnoo area). Reverse slip detected along subvertical faults on the western and eastern rift shoulders are probably due to isostatic flexure-related contraction or might be related to the farfield effect of ridge-push forces. The Mesozoic subsurface stratigraphy there and elsewhere within the Barmer basin requires more study to substantiate the potential for structural entrapment of hydrocarbon.

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Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Brittle Shear Tectonics in a Narrow Continental Rift: Asymmetric Nonvolcanic Barmer Basin (Rajasthan, India)

Dasgupta

Mukherjee

2017

The Journal of Geology

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“…The Himalaya, arc-shaped mountain belt covering the whole boundary of northern India is an example of an intercontinental collision between Indian and Asian plates around 55 Ma ago [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . The structure, stratigraphy and tectonics of the Lesser Kumaun Himalaya have been described by Auden [8] , Valdiya [9,10] , Thomas & Thomas [11] , Thomas & Thomas [12] , Joshi et al [13] , Joshi et al [14] , Rana and Thomas [15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrochemistry of Phyllites from Patharkhola, Lesser Kumaun Himalaya with Reference to Tectonic Implications

Rana

Thomas

Soni

et al. 2023

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Phyllites from Patharkhola, Lesser Kumaun Himalaya have been studied to investigate the geochemical characteristics of these rocks and their formation processes and mechanism of emplacement. Petrographically, phyllites have been showing the mineral assemblages as Biotite (25% approx.)-chlorite (25% approx.)-muscovite (20% approx.)-quartz (10% approx.)-feldspar (10% approx.)-sericite (5% approx.). Geochemically, the analysed four samples of phyllites have high SiO2 and Al2O3 values. Phyllites with higher alumina have more enrichment of trace elements. The enrichment of Zr and depletion of Y and Nb indicate preferential survival of zircon in extreme weathering conditions. The HFSE has shown variation in the ratios due to decoupling with the major oxides. The enrichment of LREE and depletion of HREE suggest mixing of the terrigenous sediments with the concominant magma. Discrimination plots to classify the tectonic settings suggested that the phyllites of Patharkhola have formed in active continental margins.

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“…The Himalayan orogenic belt was formed in response to the continent-continent collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates 55 Ma ago (Jain, 2017;Mukherjee et al, 2013Mukherjee et al, , 2015Reber et al, 2021;Singh et al, 2021;Yin, 2006). Along the entire length of 2500 km (Figure 1), four north-dipping thrust faults separate it into distinct litho-tectonic zones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and U–Pb zircon geochronology of the Jutogh Thrust sheet, Himachal Pradesh, NW‐Himalaya: Implications to the petrogenesis and regional tectonic setting

et al. 2022

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We present datasets of the whole-rock geochemistry and U-Pb zircon geochronology from the Jutogh Thrust (JT) sheet of eastern Himachal Pradesh, NW Himalaya, in order to explain the tectono-magmatic environment in which they formed. The metapelite and granitoids of the JT sheet have moderate to high SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O, K 2 O, and rare earth elements (REE). The A/CNK (Al 2 O 3 /CaO + Na 2 O + K 2 O) ratio with magnitudes ≥1, indicates the peraluminous nature, calc-alkaline series, and S-type granitoids. The high values of Rb and Th as compared to Nb and the negative Ba anomaly also suggest the dominance of crustal source material. The distinct enrichment of large-ion lithophile elements of Rb, Th, K, Ba and Pb and strong depletion in highfield-strength elements (HFSE) of Zr, Nb and Ti results in high incompatible elements/HFSE ratios, which suggest that the source is derived from many intra-crustal tectonic environments. All samples are well-fractionated REE patterns [(La/Yb) N = 6.06-17.37] and characterized by moderately flat enriched [(La/Sm) N = 2.31-4.71] of light rare earth elements. The negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.18-0.71), suggest the plagioclase fractionation from the sourced magma and the origin of granitic gneiss through the high temperature (800 C). The zircon U-Pb ages of granite range between 883.0 ± 15.0 Ma and 1260.0 ± 10.0 Ma, with a consistent peak of 925.0 Ma. It confirms that the northern edge of the Indian Plate collided with an unnamed microcontinent. Also, in a contemporaneous process, the upper crust underwent partial melting, and the generated magma intruded in an extensional tectonic set-up of the northern edge (i.e., presently known as the Jutogh and Vaikrita thrust sheets) of the Indian Plate during the Neoproterozoic. The available zircon U-Pb ages of the JT sheet range between 550-2750 Ma. The magmatic nature of zircons, with two peaks of 825 Ma and 910 Ma, suggests that episodic magmatic processes have taken place during the Neoproterozoic. This study revealed that the Higher Himalayan Crystalline Sequence was a meta-sedimentary sequence and was deposited in an active margin set-up of the northern edge of the Indian Plate.

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Tectonics of the Himalaya: an introduction

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Brittle Shear Tectonics in a Narrow Continental Rift: Asymmetric Nonvolcanic Barmer Basin (Rajasthan, India)

Brittle Shear Tectonics in a Narrow Continental Rift: Asymmetric Nonvolcanic Barmer Basin (Rajasthan, India)

Petrochemistry of Phyllites from Patharkhola, Lesser Kumaun Himalaya with Reference to Tectonic Implications

Geochemistry and U–Pb zircon geochronology of the Jutogh Thrust sheet, Himachal Pradesh, NW‐Himalaya: Implications to the petrogenesis and regional tectonic setting

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