Tectono-Sedimentary Models For Rift-Basin Carbonate Systems

Cross, Nigel E.; Bosence, Dan

doi:10.2110/pec.08.89.0083

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…In addition, these sequences show intra-sequence angular unconformities and frequent calcrete horizons interbedded with subtidal lagoonal deposits. All these observations suggest footwall uplift along the WSW to ENE elongated north margin of the DBD and time-equivalent hanging wall subsidence along east, south and west margins, as described in depositional systems developed on rotating fault-blocks (Gawthorpe et al, 1997;Bosence et al, 1998;Cross et al, 1998;Cross & Bosence, 2008;Dorobek, 2008); this confirms that, since the onset of the Lotharingian, the DBD carbonate platform evolved as an isolated plat-form on a southward-rotating fault block. The DBD fault block displayed a WSW to ENE elongated shape and was bounded by two main detachment faults that followed the regional trends (WSW to ENE) observed in the High Atlas Range (Ellouz et al, 2003;Wilmsen & Neuweiler, 2008).…”

Section: Tectonic Control On Sequencessupporting

confidence: 65%

“…, 1998; Cross et al. , 1998; Cross & Bosence, 2008; Dorobek, 2008); this confirms that, since the onset of the Lotharingian, the DBD carbonate platform evolved as an isolated platform on a southward‐rotating fault block. The DBD fault block displayed a WSW to ENE elongated shape and was bounded by two main detachment faults that followed the regional trends (WSW to ENE) observed in the High Atlas Range (Ellouz et al.…”

Section: Depositional Sequences: Evolution and Tectonic Controlsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Exceptions are the Miocene platforms in the Red Sea from which the model of fault-block platforms was developed Cross et al, 1998;Bosence, 2005). Despite the published models on fault-block platforms (Bosence, 2005;Cross & Bosence, 2008;Dorobek, 2008), some key aspects of the evolution of carbonate platforms in such settings remain unresolved, such as: (i) how carbonate platform geometries, and resulting sequences, vary spatially along the fault segment; (ii) whether rapid relative rises in sea-level and drowning can be attributed solely to subsidence in the rift basin or whether this rapid accommodation space creation needs to be combined with environmentally driven inefficiency of the carbonate factory production; and (iii) if eustacy and the character of the carbonate factory also play a fundamental role in the evolution and sequence stratigraphic development of fault-block carbonate successions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequence development in an isolated carbonate platform (Lower Jurassic, Djebel Bou Dahar, High Atlas, Morocco): influence of tectonics, eustacy and carbonate production

et al. 2011

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Six sequences, each with a distinct shape, stratal anatomy, bounding surfaces, lithofacies composition and stacking patterns, were identified in the Djebel Bou Dahar isolated carbonate platform which developed in a half‐graben in the High Atlas marine rift basin during the Early Jurassic. Sequences are believed to have a complex, multi‐process origin as the result of tectonic processes (regional subsidence and fault‐block rotation) overprinting the eustatic signal. In addition, changing carbonate producers with shifting centres of deposition and relative accumulation potential influenced the filling and anatomy of the accommodation space that had been created by the hybrid tectonic and eustatic processes. Sequences I and II are tabular in shape and interpreted to primarily reflect the combined processes of uniform tectonic subsidence and eustacy which resulted in a ramp to shelf carbonate system with lagoon and tidal flat lithofacies. Onset of a rifting episode around the base of the Lotharingian and fault block rotation were responsible for the development of the angular unconformity with the underlying Sequence II, and the progressive development of a shallow‐water isolated platform and the wedge‐shaped depositional Sequences III to VI during the Lotharingian and Pliensbachian. Concurrent variations in palaeoceanographic conditions and in the carbonate factory caused a shift towards a flat‐topped platform geometry with high‐energy coated grains and sub‐photic sponge‐microbial deposition around the margin. The aggradational to retrogradational character of Sequences III, IV and VI is inferred to be a result of the combined effect of in situ carbonate production coupled with high rates of creation of accommodation space in the hanging wall. Environmental effects on carbonate production were the most probable cause for drowning of the Djebel Bou Dahar platform during the Toarcian but also influenced the filling and geometry of Sequences IV to VI. This study suggests that the commonly accepted model of pulse‐driven sequence‐development in half‐grabens may not be fully applicable for the Djebel Bou Dahar, where a more continuous rotation at sequence scale, associated with subsidence pulses of the Djebel Bou Dahar block, seems to have interacted with eustacy and carbonate production to generate sequences. Continuous rotation is suggested by the presence of regular patterns of diverging strata and numerous minor exposure surfaces in lagoonal deposits of Sequences V and VI. In addition, this study demonstrates that eustacy and variations in the carbonate factory might be as significant as tectonics in sequence development and platform drowning in carbonate platforms within rift basins. This observation could imply that the effects of eustacy and the carbonate factory might not have been correctly recognized in other similar carbonate platforms due to a tectonic‐biased interpretation.

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Section: Tectonic Control On Sequencessupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Depositional Sequences: Evolution and Tectonic Controlsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequence development in an isolated carbonate platform (Lower Jurassic, Djebel Bou Dahar, High Atlas, Morocco): influence of tectonics, eustacy and carbonate production

et al. 2011

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“…Deposition of the Taguedit Bed fits with Cross & Bosence's () model of ‘syntectonic platform’, representing sedimentation associated with active faulting in rift basins. The footwall margins of syntectonic platforms display features associated with relative sea‐level fall such as emergence, whereas post‐tectonic footwall platforms developed on uplifted highs of fault blocks during episodes of relative tectonic quiescence.…”

Section: Palaeostructural Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Ediacaran syn‐rift/post‐rift transition and related fault‐driven hydrothermal systems in the Anti‐Atlas Mountains, Morocco

Álvaro

2012

Basin Research

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The syn-rift/post-rift transition of the late Ediacaran-mid Cambrian Atlas rift is characterized by the interplay of several processes, such as a widespread episode of fracturing and tilting, associated with encasement of fault-controlled vein metallic ore deposits of economic importance, and carbonate production and phosphogenesis (Taguedit Bed, Tabia Member) bordering rift-flank uplifts. A correlatable unconformity marks the end of these processes and the beginning of a thermal subsidence-dominated regime with development of a more stable, carbonate, peritidal-dominated platform (Tifnout Member). Late Ediacaran microbial carbonate production and phosphogenesis extended in discontinuous belts around the periphery of uplifted rift shoulders and flanks. Karst development is interpreted to have formed along synsedimentary faults and fractures during abrupt tectonic uplift associated with emplacement of polymetallic hydrothermal dikes (rich in Cu, Fe and subsidiary Pb, Zn). Isotopic analysis indicates that speleothem precipitation in karstic palaeocaves displays significantly lighter d 13 C and d 18 O values as compared to the host dolomite, implying calcite precipitation by terrestrial fluids rich in decomposing organic matter and/or microbial activity in the cave system.

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“…Although the understanding of carbonate slope systems has substantially improved in recent years, most current research (Lantzsch et al, 2007;Verwer et al, 2009;Van der Kooij et al, 2010;Loucks et al, 2011;Puga-Bernab eu et al, 2011, 2013Mulder et al, 2012aMulder et al, ,b, 2014Rankey & Doolittle, 2012;Santantonio et al, 2013;Betzler et al, 2014;Minzoni et al, 2015;Reijmer et al, 2015) has focused on accretionary margins and growth escarpment margins (according to the scheme proposed by Playton et al, 2010), whereas carbonate deposition related to inherited escarpment margins remains relatively poorly understood. In addition, most known examples of carbonate accumulation on inherited escarpments are related to extensional fault scarps Cross et al, 1998;Brachert et al, 2002;Drzewiecki & Sim o, 2002;Bosence, 2005;Cross, 2008). The spatial architecture of carbonate slope to basin deposits can be categorized as strike-continuous or strikediscontinuous accumulations (Playton et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterozoan carbonate deposition on a steep basement escarpment (Late Miocene, Almería, south‐east Spain)

et al. 2017

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Heterozoan temperate‐water carbonates mixed with varying amounts of terrigenous grains and muddy matrix (Azagador limestone) accumulated on and at the toe of an inherited escarpment during the late Tortonian–early Messinian (late Miocene) at the western margin of the Almería–Níjar Basin in south‐east Spain. The escarpment was the eastern end of an uplifting antiform created by compressive folding of Triassic rocks of the Betic basement. Channelized coralline‐algal/bryozoan rudstone to coarse‐grained packstone, together with matrix‐supported conglomerate, are the dominant lithofacies in the higher outcrops, comprising the deposits on the slope. These sediments mainly fill small canyon‐shaped, half‐graben depressions formed by normal faults active before, during and after carbonate sedimentation. Roughly bedded and roughly laminated coralline‐algal/bryozoan rudstone to coarse‐grained packstone are the main lithofacies forming an apron of four small (kilometre‐scale) lobes at the toe of the south‐eastern side of the escarpment (Almería area). Channelized and roughly bedded coralline‐algal/bryozoan rudstone to coarse‐grained packstone, conglomerates, packstone and sandy silt accumulated in a small channel‐lobe system at the toe of the north‐eastern side of the escarpment (Las Balsas area). Carbonate particles and terrigenous grains were sourced from shallow‐water settings and displaced downslope by sediment density flows that preferentially followed the canyon‐shaped depressions. Roughly laminated rudstone to packstone formed by grain flows on the initially very steep slope, whereas the rest of the carbonate lithofacies were deposited by high‐density turbidite currents. The steep escarpment and related break‐in‐slope at the toe favoured hydraulic jumps and the subsequent deposition of coarse‐grained, low‐transport efficiency skeletal‐dominated sediment in the apron lobes. Accelerated uplift of the basement caused a relative sea‐level fall resulting in the formation of outer‐ramp carbonates on the apron lobes, which were in turn overlain by lower Messinian coral reefs. The Almería example is the first known ‘base of slope’ apron within temperate‐water carbonate systems.

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Tectono-Sedimentary Models For Rift-Basin Carbonate Systems

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Sequence development in an isolated carbonate platform (Lower Jurassic, Djebel Bou Dahar, High Atlas, Morocco): influence of tectonics, eustacy and carbonate production

Sequence development in an isolated carbonate platform (Lower Jurassic, Djebel Bou Dahar, High Atlas, Morocco): influence of tectonics, eustacy and carbonate production

Late Ediacaran syn‐rift/post‐rift transition and related fault‐driven hydrothermal systems in the Anti‐Atlas Mountains, Morocco

Heterozoan carbonate deposition on a steep basement escarpment (Late Miocene, Almería, south‐east Spain)

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