“…Some of the health issues that tortoises in captivity can face include respiratory ailments caused by bacterial or viral infection, [7][8][9][10] gastro-intestinal disease caused by parasite or viral infection, 8,11,12 and nutritional and metabolic disorders. [13][14][15] Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is one of the metabolic disorders commonly seen in captive reptiles, particularly in Chelonia (turtles, tortoises, and terrapins) and lizards, occasionally in snakes. 16 In veterinary medicine, MBD refers to a group of pathological conditions that affect the integrity and function of multiple bones.…”