Optical free-space links will shape the high-speed communications technology landscape for space missions substantially in the next years. The dramatically reduced signal spread-as compared to any radio frequency (RF) technology-provides a variety of advantages: increased power efficiency, the avoidance of interference and thus spectrum regulation issues, the inherent tap-and spoof-proofness and, most of all, the vastly increased data rates (DRs) will make this technology a 'game changer' comparable to the introduction of glass fibre instead of copper cables previously used in the global communication infrastructure. As one use case of optical space links high-speed geostationary data-relays for the repatriation of low Earth orbit (LEO) observation satellite telemetry have been tested and are currently implemented operationally by various space agencies [1-4]. Deep space missions will also boost their DRs by several orders of magnitude by sending their data to large optical receiver telescopes, NASA is currently transforming its Deep Space Network to an optical DNS, and we also see European developments in optical deep space communications [5-7]. In order to connect very high-throughput communication satellite systems to the Tbps-regime (Terabit-per-second), optical uplinks can solve the spectrum bottleneck that RF links would otherwise encounter [8]. In the LEO regime (inter-satellite, as well as optical LEO downlinks-OLEODL), distances are way shorter, allowing very high data rates while, at the same time, reducing the requirement for high system sensitivity (where complexity and thus costs generally increase with sensitivity). Instead, components and technologies that are close to commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) from terrestrial fibre communications can be used, allowing both very high throughputs and moderate-to-low system costs. Using COTS components in inter-satellite as well as downlinks is also supported by the shorter life time of LEO missions, implying less radiation exposure of these components. In the last years, several demonstrations of OLEODL have been performed by various agencies [9-15], and its commercialisation will be seen in near future.