Tellimagrandin II, A Type of Plant Polyphenol Extracted from Trapa bispinosa Inhibits Antibiotic Resistance of Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a critical global concern. Identifying new candidates of anti-S. aureus agents is urgently required because the therapeutic strategies for infected patients are limited currently. Therefore, the present study investigated whether Tellimagrandin II (TGII), a pure compound extracted from the shells of Trapa bispinosa, exhibits antibacterial effects against MRSA. We first showed that TGII exerted potent inhibitory activity against MRSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 128 μg/mL. The obtained fractional inhibitory concentration suggested that TGII could alone exert antistaphylococcal activity, and TGII combined with low doses of antibiotics displayed synergistic effects against MRSA. Moreover, we found that TGII exerted bactericidal activity by reducing the expression of mecA followed by the negative regulation of the penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) of MRSA. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images further confirmed that TGII destroyed the integrity of the cell wall of MRSA and caused the loss of cytoplasm content. In conclusion, we evidenced the antibacterial effects of TGII against MRSA, which enables the effective dose of current antibiotics to be reduced and the predicament of drug-resistant S. aureus isolates to be overcome.

Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin E2 Production Is Inhibited by Tellimagrandin II in Mouse and Human Macrophages

“…TGII was identified and provided by Dr. Lih-Geeng Chen (National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan) [ 25 ], while LPS (Escherichia coli O26:B6, L2654) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) antibody was purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA).…”

“…Our previous study reported that TGII inhibits the antibiotic resistance of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [ 25 ]. In addition, TGII is a promising source for novel inhibitors of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) [ 15 ].…”

Antibacterial activity and synergistic antibiotic mechanism of trialdehyde phloroglucinol against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…Similarly, phenolic compounds extracted from grape pomace displayed synergistic antibacterial activity against S. aureus and Escherichia coli strains when combined with β-lactam, quinolone, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and amphenicol (Sanhueza et al, 2017). Tellimagrandin II, a type of plant polyphenol extracted from Trapa bispinosa, exerted synergistic effects against MRSA and inhibited antibiotic resistance of drug-resistant S. aureus when combined with low doses of antibiotics (Chang et al, 2019). These results suggest that the combination of phenolic compounds and antibiotics may represent a promising strategy to treat infections caused by MRSA (Miklasi nska-Majdanik, Kepa, Wojtyczka, Idzik, & Wasik, 2018).…”

Inhibition of Pneumolysin Cytotoxicity by Hydrolysable Tannins

“…Compounds that target bacterial in vivo virulence factors essential for survival in the host, such as pneumolysin (Ply), are candidates that could be used in conjunction with other antibiotics or alternative antimicrobials. Tannin, tellimagrandin II, has been found to enable the effective dose of current antibiotics to be reduced in the treatment of MRSA strains of Staphylococcus aureus [ 4 ]. It serves as an example of the potential use of tannins as alternatives to antibiotics or to be used in conjunction with antibiotics against multi-resistant bacteria.…”