TEM/FE-SEM studies on tension wood fibres of Acer spp., Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus robur L.

Lehringer, Christian; Daniel, Geoffrey; Schmitt, Uwe

doi:10.1007/s00226-009-0260-7

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This is supported by their low signal in tension wood compared with normal wood, and almost non-existing signals in the G-layer. The shoulders at these wavenumbers observed for the G-layer may indicate very low contents of lignin, or other aromatics, in accordance with earlier observations for hardwood species (Joseleau et al 2004;Gierlinger et al 2006;Lehringer et al 2008Lehringer et al , 2009. The peaks at 1,237 and 1,736 cm -1 assigned to carboxylic acid groups show higher relative intensity for normal wood than for both tension wood and the G-layer.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Ultra-structural organisation of cell wall polymers in normal and tension wood of aspen revealed by polarisation FTIR microspectroscopy

Olsson¹,

Bjurhager

Gerber

et al. 2011

Planta

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Polarisation Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) microspectroscopy was used to characterize the organisation and orientation of wood polymers in normal wood and tension wood from hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides). It is shown that both xylan and lignin in normal wood are highly oriented in the fibre wall. Their orientation is parallel with the cellulose microfibrils and hence in the direction of the fibre axis. In tension wood a similar orientation of lignin was found. However, in tension wood absorption peaks normally assigned to xylan exhibited a 90° change in the orientation dependence of the vibrations as compared with normal wood. The molecular origin of these vibrations are not known, but they are abundant enough to mask the orientation dependence of the xylan signal from the S₂ layer in tension wood and could possibly come from other pentose sugars present in, or associated with, the gelatinous layer of tension wood fibres.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Ultra-structural organisation of cell wall polymers in normal and tension wood of aspen revealed by polarisation FTIR microspectroscopy

Olsson¹,

Bjurhager

Gerber

et al. 2011

Planta

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“…In many species the tension wood which is characterized by the presence of gelatinous fibers is restricted to the top of the trunks' and branches' inclination (JOUREZ, 1997(JOUREZ, , 2001TOMLINSON, 2002;LEHRINGER et al, 2009). There are cases of tension wood formed in the lower portion of the inclination and in non-inclined trees (CÔTÉ et al, 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ANATOMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TENSION WOOD IN Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg.

et al. 2016

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Tension wood is an important anatomical structure for its participation in the orientation of the trunk and the architecture of the branches as a function of structural reinforcement. However, its presence in large amounts significantly affects the technological properties of wood, just as in the rubber tree. Nevertheless, there is still demand for information about the origin, distribution and structural features in this species. Thus, this study aims to characterize the cellular structures in tension and opposite wood in Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree), as well as its radial and longitudinal distribution. Discs at the base and the middle of the commercial logs were collected from three trees in a commercial plantation located in Tabapoã - SP. Tangential diameter of vessels, fiber length (gelatinous and non-gelatinous fibers), microfibril angle and proportionality of cellular elements (vessels, axial parenchyma, ray, gelatinous fibers and non-gelatinous fibers) were measured, and influence of gelatinous fiber presence in vessel diameter was observed. Gelatinous fibers were observed in the two types of wood and in the two trunk heights. Both types of wood were distinguished by gelatinous fiber length and the proportion of axial parenchyma. The tension wood in mid-trunk was the most different, with long gelatinous fibers and less abundant, larger vessel diameter and vessel proportion. Moreover, smaller vessel diameter was observed in the regions with a high proportion of gelatinous fibers, suggesting that the plant invests more support than in liquid transport.

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“…Esse fenômeno ocorre em resposta à estímulos ambientais e gravitacionais (HUNG et al, 2016), visando reforçar ou reorientar troncos e ramos (GROOVER, 2016). Sua composição morfológica e química difere notavelmente do lenho normal (LEHRINGER et al, 2009). Esse tipo diferenciado de fibra apresenta uma camada interna à camada S2, chamada camada gelatinosa, caracterizada por altos níveis de celulose cristalina e por baixo ângulo microfibrilar, próximo a 0° (DÉJARDIN et al, 2010).…”

Section: Escalonamento Multidimensionalunclassified

VARIAÇÃO INTRAESPECÍFICA NA ANATOMIA DO LENHO DE Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg. RELACIONADA À EXTRAÇÃO DE LÁTEX

Ramos

Latorraca

Lima

et al. 2018

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ResumoNeste trabalho, foi estudada a influência da exploração do látex na anatomia do lenho de seringueiras nativas. Avaliou-se a hipótese de que as características anatômicas são afetadas pela atividade de extração do látex. Para isso, foram coletadas, de forma não-destrutiva, amostras em árvores nativas exploradas e não exploradas. As coletas foram feitas na Reserva Experimental de Catuaba, localizada em Senador Guiomard (AC). A estrutura anatômica do lenho foi analisada, sendo avaliados: o comprimento das fibras (não-gelatinosas e gelatinosas); diâmetro total e diâmetro do lume de fibras não-gelatinosas; diâmetro e frequência dos elementos de vaso; largura, altura e frequência de raios; e a proporção de tecidos. Árvores exploradas e não-exploradas diferiram na estrutura anatômica em relação às características quantitativas. Apenas as variáveis comprimento de fibra gelatinosa, diâmetro do lume das fibras, frequência de raios e proporção de elementos de vaso e raios não apresentaram diferenças significativas pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. Os resultados mais contundentes consistiram em aumento da largura e altura de raios nas árvores extraídas, bem como maiores proporções de fibras gelatinosas nas árvores não-extraídas. As diferenças observadas entre os grupos avaliados podem ser atribuídas à demanda de carboidratos que a regeneração do fluxo de látex ocasiona nesses indivíduos. Recomendam-se maiores estudos acerca do consumo de carboidratos não-estruturais, relacionados diretamente às mudanças na estrutura do xilema de seringueira. Palavras-chave: Seringueira nativa, largura de raios, fibras gelatinosas. AbstractIntra-specific variation in the anatomy of Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. Ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg. related to tapping activity. The influence of tapping on the wood anatomy of naturally grown rubber trees was studied in this paper. The hypothesis that anatomical characteristics are affected by tapping activity was evaluated. Thus, nondestructive samples were collected from tapped and untapped native trees. Sampling was carried out at Catuaba Experimental Reserve, located in Senador Guiomard (state od Acre, Brazil). The wood anatomical structure was analyzed, and the following features were assessed: fiber length (non-gelatinous and gelatinous); total fiber diameter and lume diameter of non-gelatinous fiber; tangential diameter and frequency of vessel elements; width, height and frequency of rays; and tissue proportion. Tapped and untapped trees differed in anatomical structure in terms of quantitative characteristics. Only the following variables did not show significant differences by the Mann-Whitney test: gelatinous fiber length; fiber lumen diameter; frequency of rays; and proportion of vessel elements and rays. The most remarkable results were the increasing width and height of rays in tapped trees, as well as the greater proportions of gelatinous fibers in untapped trees. The differences observed between the evaluated groups may be attributed to the carbohydrate demand that the regeneration of latex flow c...

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TEM/FE-SEM studies on tension wood fibres of Acer spp., Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus robur L.

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

Ultra-structural organisation of cell wall polymers in normal and tension wood of aspen revealed by polarisation FTIR microspectroscopy

Ultra-structural organisation of cell wall polymers in normal and tension wood of aspen revealed by polarisation FTIR microspectroscopy

ANATOMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TENSION WOOD IN Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg.

VARIAÇÃO INTRAESPECÍFICA NA ANATOMIA DO LENHO DE Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg. RELACIONADA À EXTRAÇÃO DE LÁTEX

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