Temperature and human thermal comfort effects of street trees across three contrasting street canyon environments

Coutts, Andrew; White, Emma C.; Tapper, Nigel; Beringer, Jason; Livesley, Stephen J.

doi:10.1007/s00704-015-1409-y

Cited by 301 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Urban hot spots (UHS), the special urban thermal features, experience extreme heat stress mainly developed by man-made activities within a UHI zone (Chen, Zhao, Li, & Yin, 2006;Coutts, White, Tapper, Beringer, & Livesley, 2016;Feyisa, Meilby, Jenerette, & Pauliet, 2016;Lopez, Heider, & Scheffran, 2017;Pearsall, 2017;Ren et al, 2016). So, identifying these UHS for mitigation purpose becomes an important task to maintain the ecological balance within a city.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical study of land surface temperature with NDVI and NDBI using Landsat 8 OLI and TIRS data in Florence and Naples city, Italy

Guha

Govil

Dey³

et al. 2018

European Journal of Remote Sensing

401

153

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The present study focuses on determining the relationship of estimated land surface temperature (LST) with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) for Florence and Naples cities in Italy using Landsat 8 data. The study also classifies different land use/land cover LU-LC) types using NDVI and NDBI threshold values, iterative self-organizing data analysis technique and maximum likelihood classifier, and analyses the relationship built by LST with the built-up area and bare land. Urban thermal field variance index was applied to determine the thermal and ecological comfort level of the city. Several urban heat islands (UHIs) were extracted as the most heated zones within the city boundaries due to increasing anthropogenic activities. The difference between the mean LST of UHI and non-UHI is 3.15°C and 3.31°C, respectively, for Florence and Naples. LST build a strong correlation with NDVI (negative) and NDBI (positive) for both the cities as a whole, especially for the non-UHIs. But, the strength of correlation becomes much weaker within the UHIs. Moreover, most of the UHIs (85.21% in Naples and 76.62% in Florence) are developed within the built-up area or bare land and are demarcated as an ecologically stressed zone. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical study of land surface temperature with NDVI and NDBI using Landsat 8 OLI and TIRS data in Florence and Naples city, Italy

Guha

Govil

Dey³

et al. 2018

European Journal of Remote Sensing

401

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A favorable tree planting design provides appropriate shade and cooling functions [2][3][4][5]. These functions not only influence microclimate modification, especially for tropical and subtropical regions [6][7][8], but also improve thermal comfort [9][10][11]. For example, the structures of tree crowns, and the shapes and colors of the leaves, influence the levels of visible light and solar infrared waves [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Tree Species for Improving Outdoor Human Thermal Comfort in a Taiwanese City

Lin

Tsai

2017

Sustainability

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Tropical cities can use urban greening designs featuring trees that provide shade and cooling in hot outdoor environments. The cooling effect involves numerous tree characteristics that are not easy to control during planting design, such as the canopy size and the optical properties of leaves. Planting the appropriate tree species dominates the cooling effects and the human thermal environment. Based on environmental and plant data, including the tree species, crown diameter of trees, physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), and sky view factor (SVF) in an outdoor space, a series of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) procedures was implemented to identify the tree species that are appropriate for improving thermal comfort. The results indicated strong correlations between SVF, average crown diameter, and PET. SVF decreased as the average crown diameter increased. For the average crown diameter of trees in an area wider than 1.5 m, the cooling effect was especially dominated by the tree species. Therefore, 15 species were screened by HCA procedures, based on a similar cooling effect. These species had various cooling effects, and were divided into four categories. Tree species, such as Spathodea campanulata and Cinnamomum camphora, had the appropriate crown diameter and cooling effect for the most comfortable thermal environment.

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“…The 1D RayMan model (Matzarakis et al, 2007 has been extensively employed to estimate MRT, PET, and other thermal comfort indices from fisheye photographs, meteorological, and personal factors (Coutts, White, Tapper, Beringer, & Livesley, 2016;Herrmann & Matzarakis, 2012;Johansson & Emmanuel, 2006;Krüger, Minella, & Rasia, 2011;Lin, 2009;Lin, Matzarakis, & Hwang, 2010;Oliveira, Andrade, & Vaz, 2011;Thorsson, Lindqvist, & Lindqvist, 2004), following equations outlined in the German VDI engineering standards (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, 1994). We automated the Windows GUI using a script that simulates keystrokes to remotely execute the RayMan tool and batch process thousands of georeferenced synthetic fisheyes for a given day and time.…”

Section: Thermal Comfort Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sky View Factors from Synthetic Fisheye Photos for Thermal Comfort Routing—A Case Study in Phoenix, Arizona

Middel

Lukasczyk

Maciejewski

2017

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The Sky View Factor (SVF) is a dimension-reduced representation of urban form and one of the major variables in radiation models that estimate outdoor thermal comfort. Common ways of retrieving SVFs in urban environments include capturing fisheye photographs or creating a digital 3D city or elevation model of the environment. Such techniques have previously been limited due to a lack of imagery or lack of full scale detailed models of urban areas. We developed a web based tool that automatically generates synthetic hemispherical fisheye views from Google Earth at arbitrary spatial resolution and calculates the corresponding SVFs through equiangular projection. SVF results were validated using Google Maps Street View and compared to results from other SVF calculation tools. We generated 5-meter resolution SVF maps for two neighborhoods in Phoenix, Arizona to illustrate fine-scale variations of intra-urban horizon limitations due to urban form and vegetation. To demonstrate the utility of our synthetic fisheye approach for heat stress applications, we automated a radiation model to generate outdoor thermal comfort maps for Arizona State University's Tempe campus for a hot summer day using synthetic fisheye photos and on-site meteorological data. Model output was tested against mobile transect measurements of the six-directional radiant flux density. Based on the thermal comfort maps, we implemented a pedestrian routing algorithm that is optimized for distance and thermal comfort preferences. Our synthetic fisheye approach can help planners assess urban design and tree planting strategies to maximize thermal comfort outcomes and can support heat hazard mitigation in urban areas.

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Temperature and human thermal comfort effects of street trees across three contrasting street canyon environments

Cited by 301 publications

References 29 publications

Analytical study of land surface temperature with NDVI and NDBI using Landsat 8 OLI and TIRS data in Florence and Naples city, Italy

Analytical study of land surface temperature with NDVI and NDBI using Landsat 8 OLI and TIRS data in Florence and Naples city, Italy

Screening of Tree Species for Improving Outdoor Human Thermal Comfort in a Taiwanese City

Sky View Factors from Synthetic Fisheye Photos for Thermal Comfort Routing—A Case Study in Phoenix, Arizona

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