Temperature and irradiance impacts on the growth, pigmentation and photosystem II quantum yields of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae)

Abstract

The microalga Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow has been the subject of a number of studies concerned with maximizing astaxanthin production for use in animal feeds and for human consumption. Several of these studies have specifically attempted to ascertain the optimal temperature and irradiance combination for growth of H. pluvialis, but there has been a great deal of disagreement between laboratories. "Ideal" levels of temperature and irradiance have been reported to range from 14 to 28°C and 30 to 200 μmol photons m −2 s −1 . The objective of the present study was to simultaneously explore temperature and irradiance effects for a single strain of H. pluvialis (UTEX 2505) across an experimental region that encompassed the reported "optimal" combinations of these factors for multiple strains. To this end, a two-dimensional experimental design based on response surface methodology (RSM) was created. Maximum growth rates for UTEX 2505 were achieved at 27°C and 260 μmol photons m −2 s −1 , while maximum quantum yield for stable charge separation at PSII (F v /F m ) was achieved at 27°C and 80 μmol photons m −2 s −1 . Maximum pigment concentrations correlated closely with maximum F v /F m . Numeric optimization of growth rate and F v /F m produced an optimal combination of 27°C and 250 μmol photons m −2 s −1 . Polynomial models of the various response surfaces were validated with multiple points and were found to be very useful for predicting several H. pluvialis UTEX 2505 responses across the entire two-dimensional experimental design space.

The influence of culture conditions on biomass and high value product generation by Nannochloropsis gaditana in aquaculture

“…These results support the fact that vaucheriaxanthin and β-carotene are primary carotenoids associated with cell growth. Evens et al [31] studied the effect of temperature and irradiance on carotenoid accumulation in H. pluvialis and proposed a cubic polynomial equation in terms of the actual factors describing the carotenoid accumulation response surface, although with lower r 2 values than obtained in the present work. This suggests that our model, which, as is usual in bioprocess technology, is based on the biological relationship between variables rather than polynomial equations, could be comparable to other strains, thereby obtaining a strain biology-based model.…”

“…This fact allows growing successfully N. gaditana in Almería for a long period of the year in which soft temperatures and high PFD are reached, as described by San Pedro et al [30]. Evens et al [31] studied the combined effect of temperature and irradiance on the growth of Haematococcus pluvialis, determining a quartic polynomial in terms of actual factors that describes μ across the temperature and incident PFD design space, with temperature and irradiance ranges from 25 to 27°C and 160 to 300 μmol·s −1 ·m −2 , respectively, resulting in the optimal growth rate zone, and therefore the highest biomass productivity, with a similar profile to that shown by the present study in Fig. 3b.…”

Commercial astaxanthin production derived by green alga Haematococcus pluvialis : A microalgae process model and a techno-economic assessment all through production line

“…'red stage') the stress environmental conditions of increased light intensity and temperature are required. At 27°C H. pluvialis has demonstrated the highest astaxanthin production, while the saturation intensity at these temperature levels corresponds to 500 μmol m −2 s −1 [27,34].…”

The effects of nitrogen and potassium nutrition on the growth of nonembryogenic and embryogenic tissue of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck)

“…The software application Design-Expert ® 7 (Stat-Ease, Inc, Minneapolis, MN) was used for experimental design construction, model evaluation, and all analyses. Detailed descriptions of the statistical methods used to analyze the data can be found in Niedz and Evens [ 16 ] and Evens et al [ 21 ]. Briefly, all possible models from the mean to cubic polynomial were calculated with Design Expert ® .…”