Temperature and salinity effects on the intracapsular development, metabolic rates, and survival to hatching of Thais haemastoma canaliculata (Gray) (Prosobranchia:Muricidae) under laboratory conditions

Low abundance and skewed population structure of the whelk Stramonita haemastoma along the Israeli Mediterranean coast

“…Moreover, we observed egg capsules of S. haemastoma during August and early September, thus whelks < 35 mm should have been observed during spring or summer. This is based on an embryonic stage that lasts for about 2 wk (D'Asaro 1966, Roller & Stickle 1989) and a planktonic veliger stage that lasts no less than 2 mo (Butler 1985, Dobberteen & Pechenik 1987. Indeed, during the 5 yr study, we only observed individuals of this size in August and September 1996 (Bat-Yam: Fig.…”

“…In contrast to the Western Atlantic sub-species S. haemastoma floridana from the Gulf of Mexico, which has been studied extensively as a predator on the local oyster populations (see review by Butler 1985), no biological or ecological information exists on its Mediterranean conspecific. The former, was reported to reach maturity at the age of 8 to 12 mo and to spawn annually from April to August (Butler 1985, Roller & Stickle 1988, with its intracapsular development extending over a period of a few weeks (D'Asaro 1966, Butler 1985. In Louisiana, S. haemastoma floridana and S. haemastoma canaliculata are euryhaline and usually found in salinities of 15 to 35 ‰ (Gunter 1979), but laboratory experiments have shown them to have an even wider tolerance of 3.5 to 54.8 ‰ (Liu 1990).…”

Effects of sessile Protozoa on intracapsular oxygen tension and embryonic shell calcification in the muricid Chorus giganteus

“…The rate of oxygen supply by diffusion has been regarded as one of the factors that regulate, through natural selection, the density of embryos within such masses. The shape and size of egg masses may even influence the dispersal strategies used by different organisms (Perron & Corpuz 1982, Roller & Stickle 1989, Strathmann & Strathmann 1989, 1995, Lee & Strathmann 1998). Recently, Cohen & Strathmann (1996 showed that the supply of oxygen to embryos of marine invertebrates is also affected by the film of micro-organisms 'that usually covers the egg masses.…”

“…In an artificial gel matrix that simulated egg masses, development rate of central embryos became increasingly retarded in relation to peripheral embryos with increasing embryonic numbers and with increasing thickness of the gelatinous egg masses (Strathmann & Strathmann 1989). Roller & Stickle (1989) suggested that the relatively large number of veliger larvae inside egg capsules of Thais haemastoma caniliculata (Gray) might generate anaerobic stress that could influence the respiration rates of hatched larvae Recently, Cohen & Strathmann (1996) tested the hypothesis that oxygen supply to embryos in egg masses might be affected by the thin layer of fouling micro-organisms covering the egg mass and demonstrated that photosynthesis and respiration of such micro-organisms affected the supply of oxygen to embryos within the mass. They also suggested that under certain conditions the oxygen supply could become a limiting factor for development, although we have not found any publication dealing with the longterm effects of a low oxygen supply on embryonic development related to the presence of bio-films on egg capsules.…”

Spatial-temporal distribution and recruitment of Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mollusca) on a sandstone bank in Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil

“…The fact that S. haemastoma includes some economically exploited bivalves in its diet maximises the importance of understanding its ecological relationships. According to D'Asaro (1966) and Roller and Stickle (1988), this species can cause serious damage in oyster-growing areas. Stramonita haemastoma is one of the top predators of oysters and mussels in shellfish aquaculture facilities on the coast of Santa Catarina, Brazil (Ferreira and Magalhães, 2004;Nascimento and Pereira, 2004;.…”