Temperature and strain rate dependence of the tensile yield stress of PVC

Povolo, F.; Schwartz, Gustavo Ariel; Hermida, Élida B.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19960705)61:1<109::aid-app12>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…This means that this transition is not well defined experimentally, and more importantly means that it has been easily ignored. However, when mapped into strain-rate space, this small thermal transition region of 25°C is spread out between ∼0.1 and 500 s −1 , indicating a possible reason for the observed power-law behavior seen in some polymers [3,11,15]. It is also significant that in the illustration in Fig.…”

Section: T G Superpositionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Influence of Molecular Conformation on the Constitutive Response of Polyethylene: A Comparison of HDPE, UHMWPE, and PEX

et al. 2007

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The current work presents the characterization and comparison of the mechanical response of three different industrial forms of polyethylene. Specifically, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) were tested in compression as a function of temperature (−75 to 100°C) and strain-rate (10 −4 to 2,600 s −1 ). The responses of UHMWPE and PEX are very similar, whereas HDPE exhibits some differences. The HDPE samples display a significantly higher yield stress followed by a flat flow behavior. Conversely UHMWPE and PEX both exhibit significant strain hardening after yield. The temperature and strain-rate dependence are captured by simple linear and logarithmic fits over the full range of conditions investigated. The yield behavior is presented in terms of an empirical mapping function that is extended to analytically solve for the mapping constant. The power-law dependence on strain-rate observed in some polymers is explained using this mapping function.

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Section: T G Superpositionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…It is well known that the mechanical response of polymers is strongly affected by strain-rate [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Increasing the strain-rate leads to higher elastic modulus because the polymer chains have reduced relaxation time [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Molecular Conformation on the Constitutive Response of Polyethylene: A Comparison of HDPE, UHMWPE, and PEX

et al. 2007

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“…Although, the scaling properties of the cooperative model have already been studied by Povolo and co-workers (Povolo and Hermida, 1995;Povolo et al, 1996), Richeton et al (2005) have recently proposed a new development which assumes that, independent of the yield stress model, both of the horizontal and vertical shifts have to follow an Arrhenius-like temperature dependence. Subsequently, Richeton et al Fig.…”

Section: Strain Rate/temperature Superposition Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical behavior of three amorphous polymers: Characterization and modeling of the compressive yield stress

Richeton¹,

Ahzi²,

Vecchio³

et al. 2006

International Journal of Solids and Structures

478

362

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Uniaxial compression stress-strain tests were carried out on three commercial amorphous polymers: polycarbonate (PC), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and polyamideimide (PAI). The experiments were conducted under a wide range of temperatures (À40°C to 180°C) and strain rates (0.0001 s À1 up to 5000 s À1 ). A modified split-Hopkinson pressure bar was used for high strain rate tests. Temperature and strain rate greatly influence the mechanical response of the three polymers. In particular, the yield stress is found to increase with decreasing temperature and with increasing strain rate. The experimental data for the compressive yield stress were modeled for a wide range of strain rates and temperatures according to a new formulation of the cooperative model based on a strain rate/temperature superposition principle. The modeling results of the cooperative model provide evidence on the secondary transition by linking the yield behavior to the energy associated to the b mechanical loss peak. The effect of hydrostatic pressure is also addressed from a modeling perspective.

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“…Observations show that the yield point depends on the rate of strain _ , [5,7,10,12,14,35,45,46,50,55,56,62,63,69,71], the program of loading and the strain state, [12,34,42,43,44,48,71,72], temperature T, [5,7,9,15,19,20,35,55,56,71], and pressure p [7,43,57], as well as on the molecular weight, [40], orientation of chain molecules, [4,54], degree of crosslinking, [15,50], composition [52,69] and the annealing time, [8,33,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Constitutive relations with material clocks were suggested in [45,63,66]. Stress±strain relations using the theory of thermally activated processes, [28], and its modi®cations were developed in [7,9,18,45,46,56].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model of traps for yield in amorphous glassy polymers

Drozdov¹

2001

Archive of Applied Mechanics (Ingenieur Archiv)

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Constitutive equations are derived for the viscoelastic and viscoplastic behavior of amorphous glassy polymers at isothermal loading with small strains. The model is based on the trapping concept: a disordered medium is treated as an ensemble of plastic¯ow units (with the characteristic size of micrometers), which, in turn, consist of a number of cooperative rearranging regions (with the characteristic length of nanometers). The viscoelastic response is described by rearrangement of relaxing regions, whereas the viscoplastic behavior is modeled as irreversible deformation of plastic units. Adjustable parameters are found by ®tting observations for aromatic polyesters, nylon-66, polycarbonate block copolymers and an epoxy glass. Fair agreement is demonstrated between experimental data and results of numerical simulation. IntroductionThe paper is concerned with the viscoelastoplasticity of amorphous glassy polymers at isothermal loading with small strains. Time-dependent behavior of solid polymers in the vicinity of the yield point has attracted essential attention in the past decade, [12,13,18,27,35,64,66]. However, despite a number of studies dealing with the subject, it is dif®cult to mention constitutive relations that provide an adequate description of viscoelastoplastic phenomena at the molecular level, [6].Yield is conventionally revealed in uniaxial tests with constant rates of strain as a point of maximum on the stress±strain curve, which is followed by a drop of stress, a plateau region and a region of a monotonic growth of stresses. Observations show that the yield point depends on the rate of strain _ , [5,7,10,12,14,35,45,46,50,55,56,62,63,69,71], the program of loading and the strain state, [12,34,42,43,44,48,71,72], temperature T, [5, 7, 9, 15, 19, 20, 35, 55, 56, 71], and pressure p [7, 43, 57], as well as on the molecular weight, [40], orientation of chain molecules, [4,54], degree of crosslinking, [15,50], composition [52,69] and the annealing time, [8,33,39].This study focuses on the effect of the strain rate _ on the stress±strain relations. Our objective is to develop a molecular model which correctly describes an increase in the yield stress r y with _ . We con®ne ourselves to amorphous polymers with a pronounced yield point on the stress±strain curve in a temperature range far below the glass transition temperature T g .A number of phenomenological and molecular models in viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity have been derived in the past decades. Three main phenomenological approaches may be mentioned to the design of constitutive relations for the viscoelastoplastic behavior of glassy polymers.

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Temperature and strain rate dependence of the tensile yield stress of PVC

Cited by 36 publications

References 1 publication

Influence of Molecular Conformation on the Constitutive Response of Polyethylene: A Comparison of HDPE, UHMWPE, and PEX

Influence of Molecular Conformation on the Constitutive Response of Polyethylene: A Comparison of HDPE, UHMWPE, and PEX

Influence of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical behavior of three amorphous polymers: Characterization and modeling of the compressive yield stress

A model of traps for yield in amorphous glassy polymers

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