Temperature and velocity distributions in an inductively coupled plasma

Barnes, Ramon M.; Schleicher, Robert G.

doi:10.1016/0584-8547(81)80012-2

Cited by 51 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…34 Centerline average velocities m easured downstream of the load coil have been reported by several researchers and are typically between 20 and 25 m/s. 29,34,35 W hen the ICP is interfaced with a m ass spectrometer, signi® cant m odi® cation of this¯ow can occur due to the forces acting on the gas associated with the entrainm ent process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Gas Sampling on Analyte Transport within the ICP and Ion Sampling for ICP-MS Studied Using Individual, Isolated Sample Droplets

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of gas flow entrainment on the gas sampling, ion sampling, and ion detection processes in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been investigated. Isolated, single droplets of sample from a monodisperse dried microparticulate injector (MDMI) were used in conjunction with time-resolved ICP-MS, photographs of ion cloud movement, and time-gated imaging using a gateable, intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) detector mounted on an imaging spectrometer. The results indicate that gas flow entrainment into the sampling orifice can have a significant effect on the plasma gas velocities as far as 7 mm from the sampling orifice. The effects are most pronounced within 3 mm of the sampling orifice. The trends in these results are consistent with theoretical calculations. Photographic images show that plasma gas initially as far as 3 mm off axis adopts a curved path into the sampling orifice. Time-resolved emission images of Sr+ ion clouds approaching the sampling orifice demonstrate the entrainment process and significant distortion of the ion cloud as it flows into the sampling orifice. Spatial maps of La+ ICP-MS signals were acquired as a function of distance from the vaporization point and distance from the plasma axis. The results suggest that gas entrainment has a significant effect on the spatial path of ions in the plasma and that accurate radially resolved spatial mapping of plasmas using mass spectrometry may not be possible. The widths of radially resolved La+ ICP-MS signal peaks do not change significantly when ions are sampled 2 mm from the vaporization point compared to 5 mm away. In contrast, ICP-MS signals measured on axis as a function of time clearly show broadening due to diffusion. These observations suggest that some detected ions may have originated from off-axis locations in the plasma.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Gas Sampling on Analyte Transport within the ICP and Ion Sampling for ICP-MS Studied Using Individual, Isolated Sample Droplets

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To keep the distance between the load coils of the ICP and the ionization probe electrodes as large as possible, an extended ICP torch was used in this work and ionization measurements were made in the tail flame region above this extension. This region is well above the observation zone normally used for ICP optical emission and, therefore, is not as well characterized, although both temperature and gas velocity profiles have been investigated in extended torches (24)(25)(26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant laser-induced ionization of atoms in an inductively coupled plasma

Turk¹,

Watters²

1985

Anal. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Temperature profile along the centerline of a confined plasma.370The Canadian Iournal of Chemical Engineering, V d 5. Temperature profile along the centerline of a confined plasma.370The Canadian Iournal of Chemical Engineering, V d 5.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%