Temperature‐controlled two‐wavelength laser soldering of tissues

Abstract

This study demonstrated the capability of soldering cuts in thick tissues, paving the way for new types of surgical applications.

Robot-assisted laser tissue soldering system

“…This feedback loop minimized the temperature fluctuations due to changes in laser power or any other conditions. In this work, with the robot, the temperature fluctuations were reduced by ~50% compared to previous publications [32], assuring much smaller temperature variation on a heated spot.…”

“…Calibration [32,54] of the temperature-readout system was performed using model thermal emitters with known emissivity, heated to temperatures 20°-60° and the results were validated by thermocouples. The voltage (V) generated by the IR detector at each temperature T was recorded, and a calibration curve was built.…”

“…Most of the prior studies examining LTS did not control the temperature during the laser soldering process [31]. Controlling the temperature, however, is very important because tissue over-heating causes thermal damage, scarring and weak bonding, whereas under-heating of tissue results in insufficient closure effects and weak bonding [32]. A robotic LTS system with a temperature monitoring has been demonstrated in [22].…”

Perspectivas de futuro en láseres, nuevas tecnologías y nanotecnología en dermatología

“…Existen múltiples estudios donde se demuestra la posibilidad de «soldar» tejidos mediante técnicas de soldado fotomecá-nico por «adhesivos» activados por luz, logrando alcanzar temperaturas de unos 60 • C. Esta técnica podría mejorarse mediante nanotecnología, que permite el diseño de nanofibras y nanopartículas (NP), habiéndose utilizado en la piel, y en los tejidos nervioso y vascular [82][83][84][85] .…”

Silver halide single-mode strip waveguides for the mid-infrared

“…Mid-infrared (MIR) photonics is a rapidly growing area of interest that includes several applications, such as thermal imaging [1], spectroscopy [2], chemical and biological sensing [3], medical applications [4], astronomy [5], and laser countermeasures [6]. There have been significant developments in the fields of MIR detectors; MIR lasers, including quantum cascade lasers; and MIR singlemode fibers (SMFs) [7,8].…”