Temperature dependence of kinetic behaviour of sol–gel deposited electrochromics

Potential of building integrated and attached/applied photovoltaic (BIPV/BAPV) for adaptive less energy-hungry building’s skin: A comprehensive review

“…Firstly, EC glazing works with direct current (DC) power supply and PV produces DC power, thus direct coupling between EC and PV is possible where no need for power electronic conversion (Deb Gao et al, 2000;Ma and Chen, 2012). Secondly, EC at high surface temperature requires less power to switch and PV at high ambient temperature generates less power than its standard rating (Bell and Matthews, 2001;Matthews et al, 2001). These two advantages make BIPV/BAPV power EC switchable glazing a potential candidate for future building integration.…”

Temperature-Dependent Electrochromic Devices for Energy-Saving Dual-Mode Displays

“…It is because the temperature increment shows a positive impact on the kinetics of the electrochemical reaction . More specifically, the ion diffusion behavior as the rate-limiting step in the EC reaction is strongly influenced by the temperature. , The number of intercalation ions in/out of the film increases with the increased temperature, binding/separating more electrons and resulting in a larger optical modulation with the same operating conditions (voltage and time). , Fortunately, the device is still capable of showing a reversible electrochemical behavior at the ultralow temperature of −40 °C. To prove its tolerance in harsh conditions, prolonging the interaction time to involve sufficient ions/electrons is an effective method.…”

“…Starting from the same colored state where the ions and electrons are coupled at host sites of the EC electrode, the ions need to be separated from the electrons in the electrode and overcome the activation energy to diffuse to the electrode/ electrolyte interface by the applied electric force. 41 The whole bleaching process is controlled by the de-intercalation and diffusion of Zn 2+ ions, 44 which are influenced by the temperature. In this simulation, the Secondary Current module and the Transport of Diluted Species are coupled to investigate the evolution of zinc ion diffusion inside the EC electrode (details in the Supporting Information).…”

“…39,40 The number of intercalation ions in/ out of the film increases with the increased temperature, binding/separating more electrons and resulting in a larger optical modulation with the same operating conditions (voltage and time). 41,42 Fortunately, the device is still capable of showing a reversible electrochemical behavior at the ultralow temperature of −40 °C. To prove its tolerance in harsh conditions, prolonging the interaction time to involve sufficient ions/electrons is an effective method.…”

“…Starting from the same colored state where the ions and electrons are coupled at host sites of the EC electrode, the ions need to be separated from the electrons in the electrode and overcome the activation energy to diffuse to the electrode/ electrolyte interface by the applied electric force. 41 The whole bleaching process is controlled by the de-intercalation and diffusion of Zn 2+ ions, 44 fabricated by the brush-painting method, and then, the assembled device is applied as a self-coloration EC display. 45 As shown in Figure 5a, the "on" state of the "JT" pattern is shown when the Zn electrode is short-connected with the EC electrode, exhibiting a low transmittance of 2.1% at 660 nm.…”