Temperature-dependent expression of immune-relevant genes in rainbow trout following Yersinia ruckeri vaccination

Raida, Martin; Buchmann, Kurt

doi:10.3354/dao01808

Cited by 112 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…Our comparative approach using two ERM vaccines with different efficacies and a nonimmunized infected control group allowed us to correlate protection to cellular and humoral events in the hosts. Although it would be expected that adaptive elements should play a prominent role in protection, we observed that factors often related to the innate immune response (SAA, complement factors, lysozyme, and macrophage activity) (6,(33)(34)(35) were found in vaccinated fish at higher levels than were seen in nonimmunized fish. This indicated that innate effector molecules are also of importance for pathogen elimination even in vaccinates in the early phase of infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

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Insight from Molecular, Pathological, and Immunohistochemical Studies on Cellular and Humoral Mechanisms Responsible for Vaccine-Induced Protection of Rainbow Trout against Yersinia ruckeri

Deshmukh

Kania

Chettri

et al. 2013

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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bThe immunological mechanisms associated with protection of vaccinated rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, against enteric redmouth disease (ERM), caused by Yersinia ruckeri, were previously elucidated by the use of gene expression methodology and immunochemical methods. That approach pointed indirectly to both humoral and cellular elements being involved in protection. The present study correlates the level of protection in rainbow trout to cellular reactions in spleen and head kidney and visualizes the processes by applying histopathological, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization techniques. It was shown that these cellular reactions, which were more prominent in spleen than in head kidney, were associated with the expression of immune-related genes, suggesting a Th2-like response. Y. ruckeri, as shown by in situ hybridization (ISH), was eliminated within a few days in vaccinated fish, whereas nonprotected fish still harbored bacteria for a week after infection. Vaccinated fish reestablished normal organ structure within a few days, whereas nonprotected fish showed abnormalities up to 1 month postinfection. Protection in the early phase of infection was mainly associated with the expression of genes encoding innate factors (complement factors, lysozyme, and acute phase proteins), but in the later phase of infection, increased expression of adaptive immune genes dominated. The histological approach used has shown that the cellular changes correlated with protection of vaccinated fish. They comprised transformation of resident cells into macrophage-like cells and increased occurrence of CD8␣ and IgM cells, suggesting these cells as main players in protection. Future studies should investigate the causality between these factors and protection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Measurements of (4,33,34). Our comparative approach using two ERM vaccines with different efficacies and a nonimmunized infected control group allowed us to correlate protection to cellular and humoral events in the hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight from Molecular, Pathological, and Immunohistochemical Studies on Cellular and Humoral Mechanisms Responsible for Vaccine-Induced Protection of Rainbow Trout against Yersinia ruckeri

Deshmukh

Kania

Chettri

et al. 2013

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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“…The temperature influences biological processes, mainly for fish immune responses (Padron et al, 2000;Raida, & Buchmann, 2007). In this study, we analyzed the effect of temperature changes on the expression of antiviral genes against IPNV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, immune-related functions such as endocytosis (Padron, Bizeau, & Hazel, 2000), immune gene transcription (Raida, & Buchmann, 2007), immunoglobulins concentration (Suzuki, Otaka, Sato, Hou, & Aida, 1997;Nikoskelainen, Bylund, & Lilius, 2004), and C-reactive protein (Kodama et al, 2004) have been reported to be dependent on the ambient temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Efecto de la temperatura sobre la expresión de genes IFN-1(α), STAT-1 y Mx-1 en alevines de trucha arcoíris Oncorhynchus mykiss (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae) expuestos al el virus de la necrosis pancreática infecciosa (IPNV)

Cortés¹,

Zuñiga

Sais

et al. 2015

RBT

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Abstract:The infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPNV) is the causative agent of an acute illness well characterized in salmonids worldwide. Clinical signs and mortality rates are dependent on several factors such as the viral dose, the age of the fish, the water temperature, among others. An experimental study was conducted to measure the effect of temperature on the gene expression profile of IFN-1(α), STAT-1 and Mx-1 in rainbow trout fry, exposed to IPNV. Fry (n=198) were exposed at 8, 12 and 16°C, and samples were taken for 21 days to determine the virus titer and gene expression. In the first 11 days the greatest viral titer was recorded at 8°C compared with the values obtained at 12 and 16°C. At 8°C, there was a significant increase on day 4 of mRNA Mx-1 (t-test, p<0.05), time in which the viral titer began to decrease. Furthermore, as the viral titer increased, STAT-1 and Mx-1 (r=0.91) and (r=0.96) increased, respectively. The animals were able to recover from day 4 from some of the symptoms of IPN. Clinical disease was developed only in fish exposed to 12°C and all died between days 6 and 14, despite the highly significant increase shown in the average expression level of Mx-1, compared with the values recorded at 8°C and 16°C (Tukey, p<0.0001). Additionally, the expression profiles of IFN-1(α) and STAT-1 decreased completely (~0.016) and (~0.020 times) on day 7. The highest expression level of IFN-1(α), occurred at 16°C (Tukey, p<0.0005). Fry exposed at 16°C were normal during the experiment. IFN-1(α) possibly generated a protector effect from day 2 when they showed a significant expression increase compared with the results at 8°C and 12°C (t-student, p<0.0001); however, STAT-1 was not significantly affected by temperature, although the highest average expression value was recorded at 16°C. Our research supports the expression of relevant anti-viral response genes as IFN-1(α), STAT-1 and Mx-1 are physiologically modulated by the water temperature, directly influencing the development of the IPN disease in rainbow trout. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (2): 559-569. Epub 2015 June 01.

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“…Strains lacking this gene have decreased virulence and confer a high level of protection in rainbow trout fry when they are used for vaccination (4). Other putative virulence factors of F. psychrophilum include a lipopolysaccharide with an unusual O-antigen structure (16, 33), glycocalyx (29), and the tlpB (thiol oxidoreductase-like protein gene) locus, which is involved in gliding motility, growth on iron-depleted media, and extracellular proteolytic activity (3).Decreasing the water temperature below the optimum for a particular species of fish usually reduces or delays the immune response (11,40). In rainbow trout, the immunologically nonpermissive temperature is approximately 4°C (10), while the physiologically optimum temperature is 15°C (40).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of Cold-Temperature-Regulated Genes in Flavobacterium psychrophilum

Hesami

Metcalf

Lumsden

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the etiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS). It causes disease primarily in fresh water-reared salmonids, but other fish species can also be affected. A diverse array of clinical conditions is associated with BCWD, including tail rot (peduncle disease), necrotic myositis, and cephalic osteochondritis. Degradation of connective and muscular tissues by extracellular proteases is common to all of these presentations. There are no effective vaccines to prevent BCWD or RTFS, and antibiotics are often used to prevent and control disease. To identify virulence factors that might permit development of an efficacious vaccine, cDNA suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to identify cold-regulated genes in a virulent strain of F. psychrophilum. Genes predicted to encode a two-component system sensor histidine kinase (LytS), an ATP-dependent RNA helicase, a multidrug ABC transporter permease/ATPase, an outer membrane protein/protective antigen OMA87, an M43 cytophagalysin zinc-dependent metalloprotease, a hypothetical protein, and four housekeeping genes were upregulated at 8°C versus the level of expression at 20°C. Because no F. psychrophilum gene was known to be suitable as an internal standard in reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) experiments, the expression stability of nine commonly used reference genes was evaluated at 8°C and 20°C. Expression of the 16S rRNA was equivalent at both temperatures, and this gene was used in RT-qPCR experiments to verify the SSH findings. With the exception of the ATCC 49513 strain, similar patterns of gene expression were obtained with 11 other representative strains of F. psychrophilum.Bacterial cold water disease (BCWD), caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum, occurs at low water temperatures and can cause economic losses in the aquaculture industry as a result of direct mortality or vertebral deformities that decrease the market value of fish that survive the infection (31, 35). A number of putative virulence factors of this bacterium have been identified, including extracellular proteases involved in degradation of extracellular matrix components such as elastin, fibrinogen, type IV collagen, actin, and myosin (9,37,47,48). The best studied of these, psychrophilic metalloproteases Fpp1 and Fpp2, are thought to be involved in destruction of host tissues; however, their roles have not yet been demonstrated in vivo (47,48). In a recent study, Sudheesh et al. (53) used two-dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis to compare a virulent strain and a nonvirulent strain of F. psychrophilum and found a thermolysin that was unique to the virulent strain. A role for the iron uptake-associated gene exbD2 has also been demonstrated. Strains lacking this gene have decreased virulence and confer a high level of protection in rainbow trout fry when they are used for vaccination (4). Other putative virulence factors of F. psychrophilum include a lipo...

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Temperature-dependent expression of immune-relevant genes in rainbow trout following Yersinia ruckeri vaccination

Cited by 112 publications

References 42 publications

Insight from Molecular, Pathological, and Immunohistochemical Studies on Cellular and Humoral Mechanisms Responsible for Vaccine-Induced Protection of Rainbow Trout against Yersinia ruckeri

Insight from Molecular, Pathological, and Immunohistochemical Studies on Cellular and Humoral Mechanisms Responsible for Vaccine-Induced Protection of Rainbow Trout against Yersinia ruckeri

Efecto de la temperatura sobre la expresión de genes IFN-1(α), STAT-1 y Mx-1 en alevines de trucha arcoíris Oncorhynchus mykiss (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae) expuestos al el virus de la necrosis pancreática infecciosa (IPNV)

Identification of Cold-Temperature-Regulated Genes in Flavobacterium psychrophilum

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