Temperature dependent scintillation properties and mechanisms of (PEA)<sub>2</sub>PbBr<sub>4</sub> single crystals

Blaaderen, J. Jasper van; Maddalena, Francesco; Dang, Cuong; Birowosuto, Muhammad Danang; Dorenbos, P.

doi:10.1039/d2tc01483a

“…At low temperatures, the main narrow emission remains unaltered when Rb ions are introduced in the perovskite structure. However, the broad emission at longer wavelengths is altered for PEA 2 PbBr 4 . While Rb-doped BA 2 PbBr 4 still features the emission centered around 603 nm, the change is negligible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Lattice Expansion in Rb-Doped Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Crystals Resulting in Smaller Band-Gap and Higher Light-Yield Scintillators

Maddalena

¹

,

Mahyuddin

²

,

Kowal

³

et al. 2023

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Two-dimensional hybrid-organic–inorganic perovskite (2D-HOIP) lead bromide perovskite crystals have demonstrated great potential as scintillators with high light yields and fast decay times while also being low cost with solution-processable materials for wide energy radiation detection. Ion doping has been also shown to be a very promising avenue for improvements of the scintillation properties of 2D-HOIP crystals. In this paper, we discuss the effect of rubidium (Rb) doping on two previously reported 2D-HOIP single crystals, BA2PbBr4 and PEA2PbBr4. We observe that doping the perovskite crystals with Rb ions leads to an expansion of the crystal lattices of the materials, which also leads to narrowing of band gaps down to 84% of the pure compounds. Rb doping of BA2PbBr4 and PEA2PbBr4 shows a broadening in the photoluminescence and scintillation emissions of both perovskite crystals. Rb doping also leads to faster γ-ray scintillation decay times, as fast as 4.4 ns, with average decay time decreases of 15% and 8% for Rb-doped BA2PbBr4 and PEA2PbBr4, respectively, compared to those of undoped crystals. The inclusion of Rb ions also leads to a slightly longer afterglow, with residual scintillation still being below 1% after 5 s at 10 K, for both undoped and Rb-doped perovskite crystals. The light yield of both perovskites is significantly increased by Rb doping with improvements of 58% and 25% for BA2PbBr4 and PEA2PbBr4, respectively. This work shows that Rb doping leads to a significant enhancement of the 2D-HOIP crystal performance, which is of particular significance for high light yield and fast timing applications, such as photon counting or positron emission tomography.

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“…S5) because there is a strong quenching since the bandgap is too small. 56 The maximum light yield of (PEA)2PbBr4 crystal at RT was 10 photons/keV, 57,58 larger than the iodide based QW HOIP crystal scintillators. The light yield for (PEA)2MAPb2I7 crystal is 1.4 photons/keV at RT, respectively which is still low compared to the (BA)2PbI4 HOIP scintillator of 2 photons/keV.…”

Section: ▪ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A2Bn-1PbnI3n+1 (A = BA, PEA; B = MA, n = 1, 2): Engineering Quantum-well Crystals for High Density and Fast Scintillators

Kuddus-Sheikh

¹

,

Kowal

²

,

Mahyuddin

³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Quantum-well (QW) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) crystals, e.g. A2Pb2X4 (A = BA, PEA, X = Br, I), demonstrated significant potentials as scintillating materials for wide energy radiation detection compared to their individual three-dimensional (3D) counterparts, e. g. BPbX3 (B = MA). Inserting 3D into QW structures resulting new structures namely A2BPb2X7 perovskite crystals and they may have promising optical and scintillation properties towards higher mass density and fast timing scintillators. In this article, we investigate the crystal structure, optical and scintillation properties of iodide-based QW HOIP crystals, A2PbI4 and A2MAPb2I7. A2PbI4 crystals exhibit green and red emission with fastest PL decay time < 1 ns, while A2MAPb2I7 crystals exhibit high mass density of > 3.0 g/cm3, and tunable smaller band gaps < 2.1 eV resulting from quantum and dielectric confinement. We observe that only PEA cation-based A2MAPb2I7 shows emission under X- and γ-ray excitations. We further observe that QW HOIP iodide scintillators exhibit shorter radiation absorption length (~3 cm at 511 keV) and faster decay time component (~0.5 ns) compared to QW HOIP bromide scintillators. We investigate the light yields of both QW HOIP crystals (> 7 photons/keV) at 10 K, while at room temperature are still low > 0.6 photons/keV compared to our previously reported QW bromide crystals (10-40 photons/keV). Thus, promising results of our study on iodide-based QW HOIP scintillators provide the right pathway for further enhancement towards fast-timing applications.

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“…S5) because there is a strong quenching since the bandgap is too small. 53 The maximum light yield of (PEA)2PbBr4 crystal at RT was 10 photons/keV, 54,55 larger than the iodide based QW HOIP crystal scintillators. The light yield for (PEA)2MAPb2I7 crystal is 1.4…”

Section: (D)mentioning

confidence: 96%

A2Bn-1PbnI3n+1 (A = BA, PEA; B = MA, n = 1, 2): Engineering Quantum-well Crystals for High Density and Fast Scintillators

Kuddus-Sheikh

¹

,

Kowal

²

,

Mahyuddin

³

et al. 2023

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quantum-well (QW) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) crystals, e.g. A2Pb2X4 (A = BA, PEA, X = Br, I), demonstrated significant potentials as scintillating materials for wide energy radiation detection compared to their individual three-dimensional (3D) counterparts, e. g. BPbX3 (B = MA). Inserting 3D into QW structures resulting new structures namely A2BPb2X7 perovskite crystals and they may have promising optical and scintillation properties towards higher mass density and fast timing scintillators. In this article, we investigate the crystal structure, optical and scintillation properties of iodide-based QW HOIP crystals, A2PbI4 and A2MAPb2I7. A2PbI4 crystals exhibit green and red emission with fastest PL decay time < 1 ns, while A2MAPb2I7 crystals exhibit high mass density of > 3.0 g/cm3, and tunable smaller band gaps < 2.1 eV resulting from quantum and dielectric confinement. We observe that only PEA cation-based A2MAPb2I7 shows emission under X- and γ-ray excitations. We further observe that QW HOIP iodide scintillators exhibit shorter radiation absorption length (~3 cm at 511 keV) and faster decay time component (~0.5 ns) compared to QW HOIP bromide scintillators. We investigate the light yields of both QW HOIP crystals (> 7 photons/keV) at 10 K, while at room temperature are still low > 0.6 photons/keV compared to our previously reported QW bromide crystals (10-40 photons/keV). Thus, promising results of our study on iodide-based QW HOIP scintillators provide the right pathway for further enhancement towards fast-timing applications.

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Temperature dependent scintillation properties and mechanisms of (PEA)₂PbBr₄ single crystals

Abstract: Low temperature optical and scintillation characterisation of PEA2PbBr4 single crystals, based on which two potential scintillation mechanisms are proposed.

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Lattice Expansion in Rb-Doped Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Crystals Resulting in Smaller Band-Gap and Higher Light-Yield Scintillators

Lattice Expansion in Rb-Doped Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Crystals Resulting in Smaller Band-Gap and Higher Light-Yield Scintillators

A2Bn-1PbnI3n+1 (A = BA, PEA; B = MA, n = 1, 2): Engineering Quantum-well Crystals for High Density and Fast Scintillators

A2Bn-1PbnI3n+1 (A = BA, PEA; B = MA, n = 1, 2): Engineering Quantum-well Crystals for High Density and Fast Scintillators

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Temperature dependent scintillation properties and mechanisms of (PEA)2PbBr4 single crystals

Abstract: Low temperature optical and scintillation characterisation of PEA2PbBr4 single crystals, based on which two potential scintillation mechanisms are proposed.

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Lattice Expansion in Rb-Doped Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Crystals Resulting in Smaller Band-Gap and Higher Light-Yield Scintillators

Lattice Expansion in Rb-Doped Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Crystals Resulting in Smaller Band-Gap and Higher Light-Yield Scintillators

A2Bn-1PbnI3n+1 (A = BA, PEA; B = MA, n = 1, 2): Engineering Quantum-well Crystals for High Density and Fast Scintillators

A2Bn-1PbnI3n+1 (A = BA, PEA; B = MA, n = 1, 2): Engineering Quantum-well Crystals for High Density and Fast Scintillators

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Temperature dependent scintillation properties and mechanisms of (PEA)₂PbBr₄ single crystals