Temperature-Dependent Variation in Toxicity of Insecticides Against Earias vitella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract

Infection of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), with 'Candidatus' Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the causal pathogen of citrus greening disease or huanglongbing, increases psyllid susceptibility to insecticides. Diaphorina citri populations in citrus occur year-round in tropical and sub-tropical habitats, and thus insecticide applications for managing this plant disease vector occur over a wide temperature range (10-40 °C). During the winter season, D. citri is occasionally exposed to periods of freezing temperatures, when temperatures fall below −6.5 °C. In this investigation, we compared insecticide susceptibility of uninfected and Las-infected D. citri at various temperatures (20-37 °C). Cold-acclimated (6 ± 1 °C) D. citri adults were less susceptible to neonicotinoid insecticides as compared with non-acclimated controls, but this trend was not observed for other insecticides tested. A positive correlation between temperature and percentage mortality caused by chlorpyriphos, imidacloprid, spinetoram, and thiamethoxam was found irrespective of infection status when evaluated at temperatures ranging between 20 and 37 °C. In contrast, a negative correlation between temperature and percentage mortality was observed for fenpropathrin for both infected and uninfected psyllids. Glutathione S-transferase levels were negatively correlated with temperature, whereas levels of cytochrome P450 and general esterase were not correlated with temperature fluctuations. These results indicate that altered insecticide susceptibility due to temperature may not be related to glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P450, and general esterase levels. Diaphorina citri adults that carried the Las bacterium had reduced CYP4 transcript and protein levels, and ingested less than uninfected counterparts, as measured by the production of honeydew. Diaphorina citri adult feeding was greatest at 32 °C within the temperature range tested. Overall, annual temperature fluctuation does not appear to be a major factor impacting management of D. citri.

Development and application of the adverse outcome pathway framework for understanding and predicting chronic toxicity: II. A focus on growth impairment in fish

“…1). An important exogenous parameter to consider in this case is water temperature, as lower values are known to result in higher pyrethroid toxicity (Narahashi et al, 1998;Talent, 2005;Satpute et al, 2007). This effect of temperature can be explained by both reduced biotransformation of parent compound and increased nerve sensitivity at lower temperatures (Harwood et al, 2009).…”

Photocatalytic degradation of quinalphos in aqueous TiO2 suspension: Reaction pathway and identification of intermediates by GC/MS

“…Quinalphos has been found be an inhibitor of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) [7]; neutrotoxicant; respiratory tract, skin and eye irritant. Its toxicity increases with temperature [8]. Some of its degradation products are the strong inhibitors of AChE than the parent compound [9].…”

Combined effect of environmental pollutants (nickel, chlorpyrifos) and temperature on the ground beetle,Pterostichus oblongopunctatus(Coleoptera: Carabidae)

“…This trend also is clear for other species and pesticides. For example, Satpute et al [33] found that CPF was most toxic for the moth Earias vitella at higher temperatures. Similar results were reported by Brecken‐Folse et al [34] for an aquatic invertebrate, the grass shrimp ( Palaemonetes spp.…”