Finite-temperature phase transitions in quasi-one-dimensional quarter-filled systems are investigated using the extended Hubbard model with electron-lattice coupling. By a quantum Monte Carlo method combined with interchain mean-field approximation, we clarify competing and coexisting behaviors among charge ordering, dimer Mott, and spin-Peierls states. It is pointed out that an anharmonicity of lattice distortions plays an important role in multicritical behaviors. The results are compared with experimental data for quasi-one-dimensional molecular conductors such as DCNQI and TMTTF compounds.KEYWORDS: quasi-one-dimensional molecular conductors, extended Hubbard model, electron-lattice coupling, charge ordering, lattice dimerization, spin-Peierls transition, SSE Monte Carlo methodQuasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) molecular conductors have been recognized as materials suitable for studying the effects of strong correlation. In these compounds, Coulomb interaction and enhanced fluctuations due to low dimensionality give rise to keen competitions in charge, spin, and lattice degrees of freedoms. As a result, they show various phase transitions despite the fact that their noninteracting band structures are often very similar.
1A typical case is the family of (R 1 R 2 -DCNQI) 2 X (R 1 , R 2 : substituents, X: monovalent cation). The electronic structure is commonly described by a Q1D quarter-filled π-band of DCNQI chains, 2 whereas their physical properties depend strongly on R 1 , R 2 , and X. For instance, DI-DCNQI 2 Ag shows a charge-ordering (CO) phase transition at T = 220 K and an antiferromagnetic transition at 5 K.3, 4 On the other hand, DMe-DCNQI 2 Ag exhibits, instead of CO, lattice dimerization at T = 100 K, which drives the system effectively half-filled, resulting in a dimer Mott (DM) insulating state. Furthermore, tetramerization occurs at T = 80 K, which is ascribed to a spin-Peierls (SP) transition.5 Such a variety of properties suggests a subtle balance among different phases under electron correlation.Another good example is found in (TMTTF) 2 X (X: monovalent anion), whose Q1D π-band of TMTTF chains is quarter-filled in terms of holes.6 In contrast to the DCNQI systems, an intrinsic dimerization exists along the chains from the outset. These compounds also exhibit rich phases depending on X. The CO transition occurs at around 100 K, which is followed by a SP transition at a lower temperature (T ) for X = PF 6 and AsF 6 or an antiferromagnetic transition for X= SbF 6 . 7-9 For X = AsF 6 , the CO phase is suppressed under applied pressure (P ), while the SP state persists up to higher P . This indicates that the CO and SP states are competing in nature.8 * E-mail: otsuka@sci.u-hyogo.ac.jp Theoretically, correlation effects in such Q1D molecular conductors have been studied using the 1D or Q1D quarter-filled extended Hubbard model with on-site and intersite Coulomb interactions, mainly focusing on the ground state.10 Several studies have recently been conducted to describe their finite-T properties. [11][12...