Temperature gradients in preparative high-performance liquid chromatography columns

Single Run HPLC Separation of Escins Ia and IIa by Means of a Waters Symmetry Shield C8 Column

“…It is an ion-pairing agent, volatile, suppresses the ionization of silanol groups, enhances the stability of the matrix and has a low UV absorbance [14]. A rarely investigated but important factor in the performance of HPLC colums is the temperature which influences the thermo-and hydrodynamic properties of the column [20]. Welsch et al stated that a decrease of resolution is due to viscous heating in the column [21].…”

“…By sub-cooling the eluent it is possible to compensate viscous heating as well as distribution problems in the column. Brandt et al considered temperature control to be an interesting tool for the preparative separation of substances [20]. Bubble formation was also suppressed in this way.…”

Estimation of Chromatographic Columns Performances using Computer Tomography and CFD Simulations

“…A lot of results in literature show velocity variations in chromatographic columns by calculations and hence the decrease in separation performance and productivity due to band broadening of the eluting solvent [17,18]. Reasons for the existence of these variations are on one hand the change in mobile phase viscosity and density resulting from temperature fluctuations along the column [19 -21].…”

High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography of Biological Macromolecules

“…Temperature is thus one of the optimization parameters (which is also evident from Equation 6). When the temperature is varied, attention should be paid to viscous heating, which occurs as the solvent forces its way through the packed bed 70 and can lead to a column temperature higher than expected. The power generated by the pump (i.e.…”