Temperature-induced phase separation in pseudoternary mixtures of Triton X-100–butanol–kerosene–water

Properties and Phase Behavior of Water-in-Diesel Microemulsion Fuels Stabilized by Nonionic Surfactants in Combination with Aliphatic Alcohol

“…In this study, we used the volume ratios of the components. To plot a phase diagram, we used a visual titration method, , in which the samples of the diesel fuel–water mixture of a known volume and with a fixed component ratio were titrated with an emulsifier. In the paper, by “emulsifier” we always mean the Neonol AF 9-6–2-ethylhexanol mixture with a volume ratio of 9:1.…”

“…They can be summarized as follows: a homogeneous microemulsion (Winsor IV) separates into two or three liquid phases (Winsor I, II, or III) under temperature variation. While negative factors like a critical increase in viscosity or crystallization of n-paraffins reveal themselves for common hydrocarbon fuels only at low temperatures, MFs have an additional problem of phase separation at high temperatures, as well. − This means that there is not only the lower but also the upper operating temperature range for such fuels. The macrophase separation of fuel composition is much unwanted and can have even more serious consequences than cold filter plugging or paraffin deposition.…”

GREEN CHEMISTRY – A NOVEL APPROACH TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY

“…Mukherjee et al (124)(125) and S.K. Padhan et al (126) utilized the clouding behavior of microemulsions of pseudoternary mixtures of Tween 80/ butanol/water and kerosene or hexane as oil for the preconcentration of some styryl pyridinium dyes and metal ions like Ni, Cu and Co. Triazine, a recognized herbicide, widely used in agro industry was preconcentrated utilizing cloud point extraction technology prior to determination by High-performance liquid chromatography in milk samples (127). Makukha et al (128) reported extraction of nimesulide, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in biological samples using TX-100 and TX-114.…”