Temperature inversion in the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman

Sultan, S.A.R.; Elghribi, N.M.

doi:10.1016/0278-4343(95)00086-0

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The Mt. Mitchell surveys in winter (late February–early March) and spring (late May–early June) of 1992 included comprehensive CTD sampling that covered many regions of the Gulf that were poorly sampled by other expeditions, including the Strait of Hormuz and the shallow southern banks [ Reynolds , 1993; Sultan and Elghribi , 1996]. Follow‐up CTD surveys were done in April of 1994 and March–April of 1996, but the area investigated by these cruises is not as wide as that covered by the Mt.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and circulation of dense water in the Persian/Arabian Gulf

2003

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[1] The nature and circulation of water masses in the Persian/Arabian Gulf (hereinafter referred to as the Gulf ) is investigated by examination of a historic database of hydrographic observations. The densest water forms in winter at the northern end of the Gulf rather than along the warmer southern and western coasts. With the exception of small amounts of water directly above the seafloor, most water flowing out of the Gulf mixes across a density front that separates Gulf Deep Water within the Gulf from the Indian Ocean Surface Water (IOSW). Contrary to previous inferences, the seasonally variable incursion of IOSW into the Gulf peaks in late spring. This timing may be due to seasonal changes in sea surface slope driven by variations in evaporation rate. In order to explain mooring results published elsewhere that show relatively small seasonal changes in the volume flux through the Strait of Hormuz (hereinafter referred to as the Strait), we suggest that this flux is driven by the difference between the density of Gulf Deep Water in the interior of the basin and water at comparable depths outside the Gulf. This density difference varies less than 15% during the year. High rates of vertical mixing in the Strait extend about 200 km westward in response to topographic constriction of tidal flows by islands and shoals.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and circulation of dense water in the Persian/Arabian Gulf

2003

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“…Values of transport of PGW and IOSW through the Strait are in the range [0.1, 0.25] Sv [ Ahmad and Sultan , 1990; Bower et al , 2000; Johns et al , 2003]. However, data show high variability regarding these features [ Sultan and Elghribi , 1996; Bower et al , 2000; Swift and Bower , 2003] and suggest that complex processes govern the water exchange through the Strait. In particular, Bower et al [2000] and Swift and Bower [2003] studied the seasonal variability of the formation of dense PGW outflow and the surrounding oceanic environment with temperature and salinity profiles from MOODS (Master Oceanographic Observations Data Set; note that the MOODS data set contains few observations in that region between July and December) at NAVOCEANO (U.S.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrology and circulation in the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman—Results from the GOGP99 Experiment: 1. Strait of Hormuz

2004

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[1] In October and early November 1999, the GOGP99 experiment collected hydrological, currentmeter, tide recorder, thermistor and drifting buoy data near the Strait of Hormuz. Data analysis provides the water mass structure in the Strait: Persian Gulf Water (PGW) core is banked against the Omani coast, while Indian Ocean Surface Water (IOSW) lies near the Iranian coast. These water masses are most often covered by a homogeneous surface layer. Thermohaline characteristics of the PGW core decrease substantially downstream, from the Persian/Arabian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman. PGW and IOSW thermohaline characteristics and distribution also exhibit notable changes at periods shorter than a month as shown by repeated hydrological sections. The tidal signal measured south of the Strait by moored ADCP and thermistor chains has predominant semi-diurnal M2 and S2 and diurnal K1 components and possesses a complex vertical structure. Tidal intensification near the surface pycnocline is associated with noticeable internal waves. At subtidal timescale, mooring recordings confirm the water mass variability observed in the repeated hydrological sections. The mixed layer also deepens substantially during the 1-month period. Finally, trajectories of surface buoys drogued at 15 m exhibit reversals over periods characteristic of changes in wind direction.

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“…Since the flux of salt carried into the head x = 0 of the Gulf is negligible [10], on integrating (3) the tidally-averaged salinity flux remains zero for all x:…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of hypersaline Arabian Gulf to seawater desalination plants

Smith

Purnama

Al-Barwani

2007

Applied Mathematical Modelling

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Due to the hot, arid nature of its bordering lands, seawater in the Arabian Gulf can have significant evaporation rates leading to hypersaline conditions. If additional desalination plants were to operate along its coast, then the extraction of desalinated water and returned brine waste stream into the Gulf would increase the salinity. This paper uses a tidally and cross-sectionally averaged mathematical model that reveals multiplicative dependence of the salinity on factors associated with river flow, evaporation rates and each of the desalination plants. Present-day desalinated water production rates are in the linear regime, but hypersalinity has exponential sensitivity to the position and volumetric rate of desalinated water extraction.

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Temperature inversion in the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Formation and circulation of dense water in the Persian/Arabian Gulf

Formation and circulation of dense water in the Persian/Arabian Gulf

Hydrology and circulation in the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman—Results from the GOGP99 Experiment: 1. Strait of Hormuz

Sensitivity of hypersaline Arabian Gulf to seawater desalination plants

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