“…Packing the patient in ice or using a traditional cooling blanket is inadequate, and these methods can cause significant skin damage [31,34,84,98,99]. Catheter-based heat exchange devices [34,79,85,86], advanced surface cooling devices [34,87], and intravenous infusions of cooled liquids [7,31,83], have all been found to be highly effective at reducing body temperature.…”