Temperature measurement on complex flames by sodium line reversal and sodium D line intensity contour studies

Strong, H. M.; Bundy, F. P.; Larson, David A.

doi:10.1016/s1062-2896(49)80088-2

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…One methodology, that of using a line reversal method has also been used to a limited extent. This method relies on the emission of characteristic spectral lines within a flame as observed through a spectroscope [21], to determine the temperature of a complex combustion process, but unfortunately, could only account for the intermediate temperatures within the various zones of the flame. Emission spectroscopy has also been utilized successfully on rocket propellants [22][23][24][25][26] where the high temperature have generally been of a steady or quasi-steady state condition and not of a transitory nature such as proposed in this study.…”

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confidence: 99%

Examining the Potential Fire Risk from a Short Duration Pyrotechnic Event

Disimile

Toy

2007

Fire Technol

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This study originated from trying to determine the fire risk from an armor piercing incendiary (API) passing close to flammable material. Since the temperature field produced by such a device was unknown the temperature distribution within the luminous region of a flash/fireball of laboratory-made cylindrical test charges of Barium Nitrate/Magnalium (Ba(NO 3 ) 2 /Mg-Al) mixture, similar in composition to that of an API, was measured. The measurements have been acquired with 78.7 lm (40 gauge) high-speed K-type thermocouples that have an upper temperature limit of 1372°C. It was found that even though the thermocouples could not be located closer than 20 mm from the surface of the charges without failure, temperature differences of up to 350°C were recorded above the charge to that below. Furthermore, the heat release has a significant effect on the rate at which the temperature decays away from the surface of the charge, and this characterizes its pyrotechnic effect. In addition to the temperature measurements some image analysis has shown that the luminous region of the fireball was some 17 times larger than the charge itself, but the reaction zone was only a fraction of this size. Furthermore, this reaction zone was not as symmetrical as assumed and was probably due to an irregular burning process as the combustion wave traversed the test charge.

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Examining the Potential Fire Risk from a Short Duration Pyrotechnic Event

Disimile

Toy

2007

Fire Technol

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“…This pyrométrie reading is taken through the same train of absorption, both atmospheric and instrumental, as caused the reversal of the spectral line, so that the measured brightness temperature of the sun would equal the integrated temperature of the flame along the line through which the solar radiation had passed. 11 Further investigation of this effect might also be of profit for purely astronomical purposes, such as investigation of solar limb…”

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Using the Sun to Measure Temperatures of Flames in the Laboratory

Wilson¹

1952

PASP

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The problem of the temperature of the sun and other stars was generally solved about half a century ago when precise physical laws relating color and radiation intensity were developed, especially by Max Planck. 1 These laws hold exactly only for socalled "black bodies" radiating continuous spectra. Because in terrestrial laboratories only incandescent solids or liquids approach these conditions, no such radiator can be arranged using a substance above its vaporization temperature. The highest known boiling point is that of carbon : 3800° K or 6400° F. at atmospheric pressure.Only in the sun and stars are conditions such that spectra of incandescent gaseous masses approaching "black-body" continu-

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Optisch‐elektronisches Verfahren zur Messung hoher Gastemperaturen. Teil I: Absorptionsverfahren

Hentschel

Huster

Kisch

et al. 1969

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

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Es wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, das es gestattet, die Temperatur von Flammengasen kontinuierlich anzuzeigen oder zu registrieren. Das Verfahren wurde aus der Linienumkehrmethode entwickelt, arbeitet aber im Gegensatz dazu mit fester Temperatur des Vergleichsstrahlers. Abwechselnd werden die Intensität einer aus der Flamme emittierten Resonanzlinie und die Absorption dieser Linie aus der Vergleichsstrahlung gemessen. Ein Analogrechner bildet den Logarithmus des Verhältnisses dieser Größen, der in einem größeren Bereich in guter Näherung eine lineare Funktion der Gastemperatur ist. Für das Meßgerät werden eine Röhrenschaltung sowie ein Aufbau mit Operationsverstärkern beschrieben.

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Temperature measurement on complex flames by sodium line reversal and sodium D line intensity contour studies

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Examining the Potential Fire Risk from a Short Duration Pyrotechnic Event

Examining the Potential Fire Risk from a Short Duration Pyrotechnic Event

Using the Sun to Measure Temperatures of Flames in the Laboratory

Optisch‐elektronisches Verfahren zur Messung hoher Gastemperaturen. Teil I: Absorptionsverfahren

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