Temperature measurements during the CAMP program

Philbrick, C. R.; Barnett, J. J.; Gerndt, R.; Offermann, D.; Pendleton, W. R.; Schlyter, Peter; Witt, G.; Schmidlin, J. F.

doi:10.1016/0273-1177(84)90278-3

Cited by 49 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As known today, they provide unambiguous evidence for the existence of water ice particles at altitudes being $70 km higher than the altitudes of the highest clouds in the troposphere where our daily weather takes place (see Thomas, 1991;Rapp and Lu¨bken, 2004, for detailed reviews). The existence of these ice particles is a direct consequence of the extremely low temperatures in the altitude range between 80 and 90 km, where mean values as low as 130 K are reached (e.g., Witt et al, 1964;Lu¨bken, 1999) with local deviations of up to AE15 K due to gravity waves (Philbrick et al, 1984;Rapp et al, 2002). Hence, in this altitude range, the atmospheric temperature drops below the frost point of water vapor that occurs at these altitudes in tiny concentrations of just a few parts per million by volume (ppmv) (e.g., Seele and Hartogh, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Modeling the microphysics of mesospheric ice particles: Assessment of current capabilities and basic sensitivities

Rapp

Thomas

2006

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

284

390

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Modeling the microphysics of mesospheric ice particles: Assessment of current capabilities and basic sensitivities

Rapp

Thomas

2006

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

284

390

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“…The differences between the gradients in measured molecular profiles and the hydrostatic density profile gradient provide a direct measurement of the total optical extinction. Aerosol Optical Extinction (1 /km) 10 The extinction profiles at 530, 607 and 284 nm measured in Philadelphia PA during NEOPS and in Hesperia CA during SCOS97 are shown in Fig. 4.…”

Section: Lidar Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At an altitude near 90 km, the growth in the amplitude of temperature and density oscillations have increased by a factor of thousands, and temperature wave oscillations greater than 10% are often observed in the mesosphere 2,3,7,9,10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lidar investigations of atmospheric dynamics

Philbrick

Hallén

2015

SPIE Proceedings

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Ground based lidar techniques using Raleigh and Raman scattering, differential absorption (DIAL), and supercontinuum sources are capable of providing unique signatures to study dynamical processes in the lower atmosphere. The most useful profile signatures of dynamics in the lower atmosphere are available in profiles of time sequences of water vapor and aerosol optical extinction obtained with Raman and DIAL lidars. Water vapor profiles are used to study the scales and motions of daytime convection cells, residual layer bursts into the planetary boundary layer (PBL), variations in height of the PBL layer, cloud formation and dissipation, scale sizes of gravity waves, turbulent eddies, as well as to study the seldom observed phenomena of Brunt-Väisälä oscillations and undular bore waves. Aerosol optical extinction profiles from Raman lidar provide another tracer of dynamics and motion using sequential profiles atmospheric aerosol extinction, where the aerosol distribution is controlled by dynamic, thermodynamic, and photochemical processes. Raman lidar profiles of temperature describe the stability of the lower atmosphere and measure structure features. Rayleigh lidar can provide backscatter profiles of aerosols in the troposphere, and temperature profiles in the stratosphere and mesosphere, where large gravity waves, stratospheric clouds, and noctilucent clouds are observed. Examples of several dynamical features are selected to illustrate interesting processes observed with Raman lidar. Lidar experiments add to our understanding of physical processes that modify atmospheric structure, initiate turbulence and waves, and describe the relationships between energy sources, atmospheric stability parameters, and the observed dynamics.

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“…The summer mesopause region ($80-100 km) is of particular interest as transport processes maintain temperatures below 130 K during the summer (Philbrick et al, 1984;Schmidlin, 1992). These low summer temperatures allow the formation of noctilucent clouds (NLCs), or polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs), in the polar summer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%