Temperature measurements in steady two-dimensional partially premixed flames using laser interferometric holography

Xiao, Xinyu; Choi, Chun W.; Puri, Ishwar K.

doi:10.1016/s0010-2180(99)00100-5

Cited by 76 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This discrepancy in the measured temperature is attributed to uncertainties in the measurements and the model (e.g., related to the chemical mechanism, and the thermophysical and transport properties). We have previously shown that the average error involved in the inference of the temperature of partially premixed flames from holographic interferometry measurements is less than 5%, and that the maximum error anywhere in the domain is less than 10% [20]. In general, the maximum error lies not in the high-temperature region, but on the rich side of the flame where the local temperatures are far smaller.…”

Section: Global Flame Structurementioning

confidence: 97%

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On the similitude between lifted and burner-stabilized triple flames - A numerical and experimental investigation

Azzoni

Ratti

Puri

2000

38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit

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We have investigated lifted triple flames and addressed issues related to flame stabilization. The stabilization of nonpremixed flames has been argued to result due to the existence of a premixing zone of sufficient reactivity, which causes propagating premixed reaction zones to anchor a nonpremixed zone. We first validate our simulations with detailed measurements in more tractable methane-air burner-stabilized flames. Thereafter, we simulate lifted flames without significantly modifying the boundary conditions used for investigating the burner-stabilized flames. The similarities and differences between the structures of lifted and burner-stabilized flames are elucidated, and the role of the laminar flame speed in the stabilization of lifted triple flames is characterized. The reaction zone topography in the flame is as follows. The flame consists of an outer lean premixed reaction zone, an inner rich premixed reaction zone, and a nonpremixed reaction zone where partially oxidized fuel and oxidizer (from the rich and lean premixed reaction zones, respectively) mix in stoichiometric proportion and thereafter burn. The region with the highest temperatures lies between the inner premixed and the central nonpremixed reaction zone. The heat released in the reaction zones is transported both upstream (by diffusion) and downstream to other portions of the flame. Measured and simulated species concentration profiles of reactant (O 2 , CH 4 ) consumption, intermediate (CO, H 2 ) formation followed by intermediate consumption and product (CO 2 , H 2 O) formation are presented. A lifted flame is simulated by conceptualizing a splitter wall of infinitesimal thickness. The flame liftoff increases the height of the inner premixed reaction zone due to the modification of the upstream flow field. However, both the lifted and burner-stabilized flames exhibit remarkable similarity with respect to the shapes and separation distances regarding the three reaction zones. The heat-release distribution and the scalar profiles are also virtually identical for the lifted and burner-stabilized flames in mixture fraction space and attest to the similitude between the burner-stabilized and lifted flames. In the lifted flame, the velocity field diverges upstream of the flame, causing the velocity to reach a minimum value at the triple point. The streamwise velocity at the triple point is Ϸ0.45 m s Ϫ1 (in accord with the propagation speed for stoichiometric methane-air flame), whereas the velocity upstream of the triple point equals 0.7 m s Ϫ1 , which is in excess of the unstretched flame propagation speed. This is in agreement with measurements reported by other investigators. In future work we will address the behavior of this velocity as the equivalence ratio, the inlet velocity profile, and inlet mixture fraction are changed.

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Section: Global Flame Structurementioning

confidence: 97%

“…We have used this technique to measure the temperature of two-dimensional slot burner flames. Our methodology is reported elsewhere in detail [19,20], so that only a brief description follows. A double-exposure laser image holographic process is used to measure the refractive index distribution.…”

Section: Temperature Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the similitude between lifted and burner-stabilized triple flames - A numerical and experimental investigation

Azzoni

Ratti

Puri

2000

38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit

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“…Optical methods base on laser technique can measure flame temperatures and their distributions. 4,5) But due to the large dimensions and sealing of blast furnace and the limited power of a laser, these methods are unsuitable for blast furnaces. However, thermal radiation is the predominant mode of heat transfer in hightemperature blast furnace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of Three-dimensional Temperature Distribution with Radiative Image by Monte Carlo Method in Blast Furnace Raceway

Cheng

Zhang

et al. 2017

ISIJ Int.

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This paper presented reconstruction of three-dimensional temperature distribution of raceway from radiative images based on Monte Carlo method and image processing techniques in the blast furnace. The Monte Carlo method was introduced to describe radiative heat transfer of raceway for its efficiency. Color CCD camera was used to obtain radiative information in visible spectrum of raceway. An efficient numerical inverse reconstruction model was established by the relationship between three-dimensional thermal radiation and two-dimensional radiative image. Because the reconstruction was an ill-posed inverse problem, a hybrid Tikhonov regularization method was used to determine the meaningful reconstruction. The numerical simulations were utilized for checking the validity of inverse reconstruction model before each experimental reconstruction. Experiment was done to reconstruct three-dimensional temperature distribution of 2 500 m 3 blast furnace raceway. Ultimately, this method could restore temperature distribution of the raceway effectively. Moreover, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology was applied to simulate combustion process and obtain temperature distribution of blast furnace raceway, which was compared with the reconstructed temperature distribution. All results show that the temperature distribution of raceway can be reconstructed reasonably using Monte Carlo method and image processing techniques.

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“…For methane-air, partially premixed, atmospheric combustion, [10,11] used laminar flame calculations to show that an error in temperature of less than 10% can occur when not accounting for composition variations, depending on the equivalence ratio. However, inside the cylinder of an IC engine there are differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Infrared Laser Absorption to Measure Hydrocarbon Concentration in a Lean-Burn, Stratified-Charge, Spark-Ignition Engine

Charalambides

Hardalupas

Soulopoulos

et al. 2015

Combustion Science and Technology

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Schlieren [1, 2] is a non-intrusive technique that can be used to detect density variations in a medium, and thus, under constant pressure and mixture concentration conditions, measure whole field temperature distributions.The objective of the current work was to design a schlieren system to measure line-of-sight averaged temperature distribution with the final aim to determine the temperature distribution inside the cylinder of Internal Combustion engines. In a preliminary step, we assess theoretically the errors arising from the data reduction used to determine temperature from a schlieren measurement and find that the total error, random and systematic, is less than 3%, for typical conditions encountered in the present experiments. A Z-type, curved-mirror schlieren system was used to measure the temperature distribution from a hot air jet in an open air environment in order to evaluate the method. Using the Abel transform, the radial distribution of the temperature was reconstructed from the line of sight measurements. There was good agreement in the peak temperature between the reconstructed schlieren and thermocouple measurements. Experiments were then conducted in a four-stroke, single-cylinder, optical spark ignition engine with a four-valve, pentroof-type cylinder head to measure the temperature distribution of the reaction zone of an iso-octane-air mixture. The engine optical windows were designed to produce parallel rays and allow accurate application of the technique. The feasibility of the method to measure temperature distributions in IC engines was evaluated with simulations of the deflection angle combined with equilibrium chemistry calculations that estimated the temperature of the reaction zone at the position of maximum ray deflection as recorded in a schlieren image. Further simulations showed that the effects of exhaust gas recirculation and air-to-fuel ratio on the schlieren images were minimal under engine conditions compared to the temperature effect. At 20 crank angle degrees before top dead centre (i.e. 20 crank angle degrees after ignition timing), the measured temperature of the flame front was in agreement with the simulations (730-1320 K 2 depending on the shape of the flame front). Furthermore, the schlieren images identified the presence of hot gases ahead of the reaction zone due to diffusion and showed that there were no hot spots in the unburned mixture.

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Temperature measurements in steady two-dimensional partially premixed flames using laser interferometric holography

Cited by 76 publications

References 14 publications

On the similitude between lifted and burner-stabilized triple flames - A numerical and experimental investigation

On the similitude between lifted and burner-stabilized triple flames - A numerical and experimental investigation

Reconstruction of Three-dimensional Temperature Distribution with Radiative Image by Monte Carlo Method in Blast Furnace Raceway

Using Infrared Laser Absorption to Measure Hydrocarbon Concentration in a Lean-Burn, Stratified-Charge, Spark-Ignition Engine

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