“…2(a) illustrates the typical excitation ( λ em = 598 nm) and emission ( λ ex = 408 nm) spectra of BiOCl:0.010Sm 3+ microplates. As is shown, there are several peaks centered at approximately 365, 380, 408, 418, 442, and 487 nm, which are ascribed to the transitions from the 6 H 5/2 level to 4 D 3/2 , 4 P 7/2 , 4 L 13/2 , 4 G 9/2 , 4 I 15/2 and 4 I 9/2 levels, respectively, 41,42 in the excitation spectrum. Herein, we selected 408 nm as the excitation wavelength since it exhibits the strongest intensity.…”