Template Electrochemical Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite on a Titania–Silver Composite Surface for Potential Use in Implantology

Abstract

Modern materials science, both in terms of functional and structural materials, is actively developing towards the creation of structures with a given ordering. A wide range of methods involves ordering the structure according to a template shape. Template synthesis is one of the mots wide-spread approaches. Most often, the template synthesis method is implemented under conditions of limiting the growth of the phase due to the geometry of the template. In the present work, a template electrochemical method is considered for calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating synthesis, based on the replication of the planar template texture during deposition. In this case, the template is an array of silver microparticles immobilized on an electrically conductive substrate, separated by an insulator layer. The developed approach is similar to the mask metallization widely used in planar technology. In this work, the possibility of the template pulsed electrodeposition of ceramics rather than metal is shown using HAp as an example. This approach is interesting for materials science, in particular, for obtaining micro-ordered hydroxyapatite structures—a crystallochemical analogue of the inorganic bone tissue component—on the surface of bone implants, which can be implemented to improve their biomedical characteristics. As a result of our study, we experimentally determined the conditions for obtaining the composite coating TiO2/Ag/Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 with controlled phase structure, topology and localization of components on the surface, which was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, and X-ray Diffraction (SEM, EDS and XRD). The absence of cytotoxicity for the osteoblast-like cells of the developed coating was revealed by cytological tests.

Creation of a Composite Bioactive Coating with Antibacterial Effect Promising for Bone Implantation

“…Based on HAp stoichiometry (Ca/P = 1.67), we used 1.18 g of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , (Vekton, Krasnodar, Russia) and 0.411 g of KH 2 PO 4 (Vekton, Russia) per 100 mL of deionized water. HAp was deposited at pulsed current [ 30 ].…”

“…In this work, we continued the study begun in [ 30 ] and created an optimal TiO 2 /Ag/HAp composite coating with controlled composition and structure at the micro- and nanolevels using a combination of sol-gel synthesis and electrochemical deposition from a solution.…”

“…In our previous work [ 30 ], we showed the possibility of depositing island-type hydroxyapatite on the surface of a TiO 2 /Ag sample using pulsed electrochemical deposition, and we carried out preliminary comparative cytological studies. As a result, it has been shown that electrochemical deposition is not cytotoxic for osteoblast-like cells.…”

Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-Zirconia Nanocomposite Powder and Evaluation of Its Biocompatibility: An In Vitro Study

“…It has therefore been an intriguing area of study in recent years to add second-phase ceramic elements to the HAp matrix to produce products with increased strength and toughness [13]. Therefore, various materials such as alumina [14], titania [15], and silica [16] nanoparticles have been incorporated in order to increase the mechanical efficiency of HAp in hard tissue engineering. The effect of these nanoparticles in the formation of HAp-derived composites shows promising biomechanical properties for orthopedic applications [17].…”

Photodeposition of Hydroxyapatite into a Titanium Dioxide Nanotubular Layer Using Ca(EDTA) Complex Decomposition

“…Synthetic HA has been successfully used to fabricate biomaterials, osteogenic coatings, and other materials of biomedical interest [1][2][3][4][5]. There are different methodologies for fabrication of calcium phosphates, such as solid-state syntheses [6][7][8][9], hydrothermal syntheses [10][11][12][13][14][15], biomimetic systems [16][17][18], electrochemical process [19][20][21], and sol-gel methods [5,[22][23][24]. However, it should be mentioned that synthetic methods involving high-temperature treatment, such as solid-state reaction or sol-gel, usually form large, agglomerated particles and do not lead to the anisotropic growth of the crystals.…”