Template-stripped gold surfaces with 0.4-nm rms roughness suitable for force measurements: Application to the Casimir force in the 20–100-nm range

Ederth, Thomas

doi:10.1103/physreva.62.062104

Cited by 282 publications

(267 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However in this particular case, a hydrocarbon coating was necessary on top of the gold which might complicate the theoretical analysis and the independent measurement of the residual electrostatic force. Also a substantial deformation of the gold coating appears to have prevented an independent and exact determination of surface separation [278]. Probably both the hydrocarbon layer and the deformation can be eliminated in future experiments leading to surface separations of (5-10) nm on contact of the two surfaces.…”

Section: The Outlook For Measurements Of the Casimir Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

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New developments in the Casimir effect

2001

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We provide a review of both new experimental and theoretical developments in the Casimir effect. The Casimir effect results from the alteration by the boundaries of the zero-point electromagnetic energy. Unique to the Casimir force is its strong dependence on shape, switching from attractive to repulsive as function of the size, geometry and topology of the boundary. Thus the Casimir force is a direct manifestation of the boundary dependence of quantum vacuum. We discuss in depth the general structure of the infinities in the field theory which are removed by a combination of zeta-functional regularization and heat kernel expansion. Different representations for the regularized vacuum energy are given. The Casimir energies and forces in a number of configurations of interest to applications are calculated. We stress the development of the Casimir force for real media including effects of nonzero temperature, finite conductivity of the boundary metal and surface roughness. Also the combined effect of these important factors is investigated in detail on the basis of condensed matter physics and quantum field theory at nonzero temperature. The experiments on measuring the Casimir force are also reviewed, starting first with the older measurements and finishing with a detailed presentation of modern precision experiments. The latter are accurately compared with the theoretical results for real media. At the end of the review we provide the most recent constraints on the corrections to Newtonian gravitational law and other hypothetical long-range interactions at submillimeter range obtained from the Casimir force measurements.

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Section: The Outlook For Measurements Of the Casimir Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Casimir force measurement between two crossed cylinders with gold surfaces ( [278], see Sec. 6.6) also gives the possibility to strengthen constraints on the Yukawa-type interaction.…”

Section: Constraints Following From the Atomic Force Microscope Measumentioning

confidence: 99%

New developments in the Casimir effect

2001

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“…In subsequent years, a variety of experiments were carried out, some of much greater accuracy and at considerably shorter distances, Refs. [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19], which have incorporated various corrections [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Casimir energies: Temperature dependence, dispersion, and anomalies

Brevik

Milton

2008

Phys. Rev. E

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Assuming the conventional Casimir setting with two thick parallel perfectly conducting plates of large extent with a homogeneous and isotropic medium between them, we discuss the physical meaning of the electromagnetic field energy W disp when the intervening medium is weakly dispersive but nondissipative. The presence of dispersion means that the energy density contains terms of the form d[ωε(ω)]/dω and d[ωµ(ω)]/dω. We find that, as W disp refers thermodynamically to a non-closed physical system, it is not to be identified with the internal thermodynamic energy U following from the free energy F , or the electromagnetic energy W , when the last-mentioned quantities are calculated without such dispersive derivatives. To arrive at this conclusion, we adopt a model in which the system is a capacitor, linked to an external self-inductance L such that stationary oscillations become possible. Therewith the model system becomes a non-closed one. As an introductory step, we review the meaning of the nondispersive energies, F, U, and W . As a final topic, we consider an anomaly connected with local surface divergences encountered in Casimir energy calculations for higher spacetime dimensions, D > 4, and discuss briefly its dispersive generalization. This kind of application is essentially a generalization of the treatment of Alnes et al. [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 40, F315 (2007)] to the case of a medium-filled cavity between two hyperplanes.

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“…Like the tension in a rubber band, the Casimir force is a conservative force arising from microscopic fluctuations. The Casimir force is also the dominant background effect confounding attempts [1,2,3,4] to set improved limits on exotic forces at the 10 −8 m to 10 −5 m length scale; progress towards a deeper understanding is valuable in that context. Typically one uses "Casimir" [5] to refer to the force between two bulk objects, such as metallic spheres or dielectric plates, and "CasimirPolder" (CP) [6] to describe the force between a bulk object and a gas-phase atom.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Temperature Dependence of the Casimir-Polder Force

Obrecht¹,

Wild²,

Antezza³

et al. 2007

Phys. Rev. Lett.

437

548

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We report on the first measurement of a temperature dependence of the Casimir-Polder force. This measurement was obtained by positioning a nearly pure 87 Rb Bose-Einstein condensate a few microns from a dielectric substrate and exciting its dipole oscillation. Changes in the collective oscillation frequency of the magnetically trapped atoms result from spatial variations in the surfaceatom force. In our experiment, the dielectric substrate is heated up to 605 K, while the surrounding environment is kept near room temperature (310 K). The effect of the Casimir-Polder force is measured to be nearly 3 times larger for a 605 K substrate than for a room-temperature substrate, showing a clear temperature dependence in agreement with theory.

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Template-stripped gold surfaces with 0.4-nm rms roughness suitable for force measurements: Application to the Casimir force in the 20–100-nm range

Cited by 282 publications

References 37 publications

New developments in the Casimir effect

New developments in the Casimir effect

Casimir energies: Temperature dependence, dispersion, and anomalies

Measurement of the Temperature Dependence of the Casimir-Polder Force

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