Temporal Alcohol Availability Predicts First-Time Drunk Driving, but Not Repeat Offending

Schofield, Timothy P.; Denson, Thomas F.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071169

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This finding seems to resonate with an observation made repeatedly in the previous literature: that alcohol policy environments had stronger associations with lighter drinking patterns (e.g., "any drinking") than with heavier drinking patterns (e.g., "binge drinking", Bendtsen et al, 2014;Gilligan et al, 2012;Paschall et al, 2009). Furthermore, there is strong resemblance to a finding from an ecological study of counties in New York State, reported by Schofield and Denson (2013). These investigators found that longer outlet business hours -a result of corresponding alcohol policies -were associated with first-time drunk-driving, but not with repeat drunk driving.…”

Section: Relationships Tapered Offsupporting

confidence: 86%

Light and heavy drinking in jurisdictions with different alcohol policy environments

Foster

Gmel

Mohler‐Kuo

2019

International Journal of Drug Policy

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BACKGROUND A basic, yet untested tenet underlying alcohol control policies is that they should affect both light and heavy drinking, thereby shifting the entire population in a favourable direction. The aim of this study was to test this assumption in young Swiss men. METHODS Cross-sectional self-reported data-from 5755 young Swiss men participating in the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF), a large cohort study on young men living within 21 jurisdictions across Switzerland-were analysed via nested logistic regression. With this approach, a set of increasingly-heavy drinking patterns was broken down into a set of nested regression models, each one estimating the probability of heavier drinking, conditional on the lighter drinking pattern. Drinking patterns relating to heavy episodic drinking (HED), heavy volume drinking (HVD) on weekends, and workweek drinking, as well as alcohol use disorder (AUD) were examined. The explanatory variable was a previously-used alcohol policy environment index (APEI) reflecting the number of alcohol control policies implemented in each jurisdiction. Conventional and multilevel logistic regression models were tested, adjusted for age, education, linguistic region, urban/rural status, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, sensation seeking, antisocial personality disorder, and unobserved heterogeneity between jurisdictions. RESULTS For HED, weekend HVD, and AUD, negative relationships with the APEI were found, such that with a higher APEI the probability of lighter drinking patterns was increased while the probability of heavier patterns was reduced, including a reduced probability of the heaviest patterns. These relationships were non-linear, however, and tapered off towards the heavy end of the drinking spectrum. No relationship was identified between the APEI and workweek drinking patterns. CONCLUSION Among young Swiss men, stricter alcohol policy environments were associated with a global shift towards lighter drinking, consistent with the basic tenet behind the universal prevention approach.

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Section: Relationships Tapered Offsupporting

confidence: 86%

Light and heavy drinking in jurisdictions with different alcohol policy environments

Foster

Gmel

Mohler‐Kuo

2019

International Journal of Drug Policy

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“…Previous studies have shown that changes in on-premise closing hours at the local level can affect violence, drunk driving, and disorderly behavior (Duailibi et al, 2007; Kypri, McElduff, & Miller, 2014; Popova et al, 2009; Ragnarsdottir, Kjartansdottir, & Davidsdottir, 2002; Rossow & Norström, 2012; Schofield & Denson, 2013a, 2013b). The present study has added to the sparse knowledge about the processes that underlie such changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Policy Making at the Local Level

Rossow¹,

Baklien²

2014

Contemporary Drug Problems

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Several effective alcohol policy measures take place at the local level, yet little is known about local policy-making processes. In Norway, on-premise closing hours are much debated and they were subject to a liberalization wave in 2004 and a restriction wave around 2008. This study addresses the processes that underlie the changes in closing hours. We use data from 24 Norwegian cities where such changes occurred. Data include newspaper articles, city council documents, and brief interviews with key informants. Changes in on-premise closing hours were generally small. The extensions occurred when the interests of the industry were countered by other interests and arguments but only to a limited extent. The restrictions around 2008 occurred when the police frequently expressed strong concerns about the problems of violence and nuisance, and recommended restrictions. The findings suggest that local alcohol policy-making is formed between opposing values and competing interests. Similarities in the complex processes underlying the policy changes were found across heterogeneous local contexts.Key words: local level, alcohol policy, alcohol availability, on-premise closing hours, Norway 3 Alcohol policy can be defined as measures put in place to control supply and/or affect demand for alcoholic beverages in a population (Babor, 2002). Governing agencies at all levels -international, national, provincial, regional, and local -make decisions on alcohol policies (Babor et al., 2010).Alcohol policy-making at the local level is of increasing importance (Giesbrecht, 2007;Holmila & Warpenius, 2007) and several effective policy measures are decided on and enforced at the local level (Treno, Marzell, Gruenewald, & Holder, 2014). The efficacy and effectiveness of alcohol policies at the local level have been assessed in many studies (Babor et al., 2010;Treno et al., 2014). In particular, policies that regulate the availability of alcohol in terms of outlet density and trading hours have been shown to be effective in reducing drinking and related harm (Babor et al., 2010; Campbell et al., 2009; Hahn et al., 2010;Popova, Giesbrecht, Bekmuradov, & Patra, 2009). Therefore, it is noteworthy that so far, little is known about policy-making processes at the local level (Maclennan, Kypri, Room, & Langley, 2013). The actors involved in these processes may often have conflicting interests. Public health and safety interests may be in conflict with the interests of the industry (Babor et al., 2010). Improved understanding of conflicting interests and values in these processes is important for improved political debate and decisions.Our focus is on local alcohol policy-making in Norway, where local government has a long tradition in alcohol policy issues (Andersen, 2000;Horverak, 1979). Here, decisions on trading hours and outlet density are made by authorities at the municipality level. Therefore, local authorities have the power to exercise policy measures that have been shown in international research literature to be effect...

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Alcohol and the law

Karasov

Ostacher

2014

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

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Temporal Alcohol Availability Predicts First-Time Drunk Driving, but Not Repeat Offending

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Light and heavy drinking in jurisdictions with different alcohol policy environments

Light and heavy drinking in jurisdictions with different alcohol policy environments

Alcohol Policy Making at the Local Level

Alcohol and the law

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