Temporal and Seasonal Trends in Acanthamoeba Keratitis

McAllum, Penny; Bahar, Irit; Kaiserman, Igor; Srinivasan, Sathish; Slomovic, Allan R.; Rootman, David S.

doi:10.1097/ico.0b013e318181a863

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The seasonal variation in AK incidence, with higher numbers occurring during summer, is well demonstrated in Figure 3 and has been corroborated in a recent paper from Canada [18]. In their analysis of 45 cases of AK from 1999 to 2006, McAllum et al also noted an overall increase in annual incidence since 2004 and a statistically significant trend toward summer onset.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

AcanthamoebaKeratitis: A 12-Year Experience Covering a Wide Spectrum of Presentations, Diagnoses, and Outcomes

Page

Mathers

2013

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose. To review characteristics of confocal microscopy, clinical presentation, and clinical outcome in 372 cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) from 1999 to 2011. Methods. A retrospective case review was performed on 372 cases of AK diagnosed by confocal microscopy (CFM) at a single institution in Portland, Oregon, from 1999 to 2011. A numbered grading system was devised for describing the relative microscopic severity of the AK infections detected. Results. “grade 1,” 94 as “grade 2,” 40 as “grade 3,” and 62 as “grade 4.” Peak incidences occurred during 2000–2002 and 2005–2007. Seasonal variation was noted, with a peak during summer months. For the 231 cases with complete records, 64% indicated a history of soft contact lens use. Nine progressed to multiple failed penetrating keratoplasties (PKPs) or enucleation. Conclusion. We report an average of 31 new cases of AK per year from 1999 to 2011. This figure equates to 10.3 new cases/1,000,000/year for the Portland metropolitan area. Patients diagnosed with AK exhibited a wide spectrum of clinical and microscopic characteristics. Soft contact lens use remained the single largest risk factor.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

AcanthamoebaKeratitis: A 12-Year Experience Covering a Wide Spectrum of Presentations, Diagnoses, and Outcomes

Page

Mathers

2013

Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…Other purported risk factors include exposure to a contaminated water supply, ocular surface trauma, and higher temperatures. 6 In southeast India, the perfect storm may be created for Acanthamoeba spp keratitis in June, when higher temperatures coincide with an increase in ocular surface trauma during the windy season. The delay in diagnosing Acanthamoeba spp keratitis would appear as a peak in cases several weeks later in July.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Acanthamoeba keratitis has been reported to occur more frequently in the summer and autumn seasons. 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Trends of Microbial Keratitis in South India

Lin

Lalitha

Srinivasan

et al. 2012

Cornea

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Purpose Prior studies suggest that fungal keratitis is more common in hot, humid climates while bacterial keratitis is independent of seasonal variation. This study analyzes seasonal trends in the incidence of fungal and bacterial keratitis at the Aravind Eye Hospital in southeast India. Methods Using microbiology records from August 2006 to July 2009, retrospective analyses of infectious keratitis were performed. Bacterial and fungal keratitis incidence data were analyzed for seasonal patterns. Results Among the 6,967 infectious keratitis cases, cultures were performed in 5,221 (74.9%) and positive in 3,028 (58%). Of the positive cultures cases, 1,908 (63%) and 1,081 (35.7%) were of fungal and bacterial etiology, respectively. The predominant fungal organism was Fusarium spp (42.3%) and the predominant bacterial organisms were Streptococcus pneumoniae (35.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.3%), and Nocardia spp (8.1%). Analyses revealed an uneven distribution of fungal keratitis throughout the year (p<0.001) with peaks in July and January. No significant seasonal trend was observed for the combined bacterial keratitis group. Conclusion A higher incidence of fungal keratitis occurs during the months corresponding to the windy and harvest seasons, during which time infection from vegetative corneal injury may be more likely. Robust screening efforts during these periods may mitigate visually debilitating sequelae from infectious keratitis.

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“…Commonly cited data for the incidence of AK in developed countries is 1.65-2.01 cases per million contact lens wearers, although more recent studies report 17-70 per million [8][9][10][11][12][13]. However, the incidence has been shown to vary under different conditions including seasonal changes, regional flooding and alterations in contact lens care [10,12,[14][15]. In 2007 an outbreak of AK prompted a voluntary recall of a contact lens care system (AMO Complete Moisture Plus) [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Contact lens care solution killing efficacy against Acanthamoeba castellanii by in vitro testing and live-imaging

Kolar

Manarang

Burns

et al. 2015

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye

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Temporal and Seasonal Trends in Acanthamoeba Keratitis

Abstract: The incidence of AK in Canada may be increasing since 2004. There is a seasonal trend toward disease onset in the warmer months.

Cited by 38 publications

References 29 publications

AcanthamoebaKeratitis: A 12-Year Experience Covering a Wide Spectrum of Presentations, Diagnoses, and Outcomes

AcanthamoebaKeratitis: A 12-Year Experience Covering a Wide Spectrum of Presentations, Diagnoses, and Outcomes

Seasonal Trends of Microbial Keratitis in South India

Contact lens care solution killing efficacy against Acanthamoeba castellanii by in vitro testing and live-imaging

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