Temporal and spatial assessment of groundwater contamination with nitrate by nitrate pollution index (NPI) and GIS (case study: Fasarud Plain, southern Iran)

Nitrate pollution in groundwater has become a global concern as it can affect the drinking water quality and human health. In this paper, an extensive hydrochemical investigation and health risk were performed in the Subei Lake basin where shallow groundwater is the main available drinking water resource for residents. The prevalent pollutant, nitrate (NO 3 -), has been identi ed based on descriptive statistical method and box and whisker plots, and most of the other parameters of groundwater samples meet water standards and can be used for drinking purpose. Nearly 23.53% of groundwater samples had the NO 3 concentrations higher than the limit of 50 mg/L recommended by the World Health Organization, and the extremely high nitrate content (199 mg/L) was distributed around the Mukai Lake. Piper triangle diagram proposed that the dominated anions of hydrochemical types were observed with a gradual evolving trend from HCO 3 to SO 4 2and Clwith the increase of nitrate content. The results of correspondence analysis showed that agricultural activities were the most the possible source of nitrate contamination, while the higher content of other parameters in individual groundwater samples may be controlled by natural factors. The impacts of pollutant NO 3 on human health were quanti ed using health risk assessment model, and results showed that the order of non-carcinogenic health risk values from oral exposure was Infants Children Adult males Adult females, corresponding to 65%, 53%, 41% and 35% of samples exceeding the accepted limit for nitrate associated health risk (HQ 1), respectively.The detailed knowledge on groundwater quality characteristics obtained from this study can provide valuable reference for drinking water safety and groundwater pollution prevention.

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“…(6); The Q-type factor analysis is based on the eigenvectors (β 1 , β 2 …β k ) of B by eigenvalues of A, and is expressed as Eqs. (7).…”

Section: Correspondence Analysis (Ca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, in order to proper interpretation of geochemical processes affecting NO 3 − behavior in the groundwater system, the groundwater samples were divided into two groups in this study, namely low nitrate (≤ 20 mg/L) and high nitrate (> 20 mg/L) samples (Bahrami et al, 2020).…”

Section: General Water Quality Parameters Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source identification and health risks of nitrate contamination in shallow groundwater: a case study in Subei Lake basin

Yang

Xie

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…In the study of climate, the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) index has been one of the most widely used indicators in different parts of the world (Kimura & Moriyama 2019;Zarei et al 2019aZarei et al , 2019b. It has been adopted to determine the climatic situation in various studies (Meslier & DiRuggiero 2019;Moghimi & Zarei 2019;Yang et al 2019;Bahrami et al 2020;Zarei & Mahmoudi 2021c). For example, Zarei et al (2019) showed that the UNEP index is more accurate in determining different regions' climatic conditions than the modified De Martonne index.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the effects of climate change, drought, and agricultural sector policies on the trend of the water poverty index in Iran

Yazdi

Mousavi

Zarei

et al. 2022

Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua

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Since climate change, intermittent droughts with various severities, poor management and uncontrolled abstraction of water resources, and inattention to the balance of these resources have caused the water crisis in recent decades, it is vitally important to study the water scarcity, its changes in the future, and the effect of climate change and drought on the scarcity through appropriate management policies in the agricultural sector. To achieve this goal, the present study selected the Fasa plain in Iran and calculated its water poverty index (WPI) from 2008 to 2018 using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. Also, the study calculated the correlation coefficient between the WPI and climate change and drought in the study area. It then evaluated the effects of water resources management policies in the agricultural sector on the poverty index. The results showed that water consumption had the greatest weight in calculating the WPI. The WPI has fluctuated between 0.297 and 0.678 in the Fasa plain, and the worst situation of water poverty was experienced in 2014. Despite its insignificance, the downward trend in the WPI showed that water resources management has become more unfavorable over time. Finally, it was concluded that the WPI in the Fasa plain was more dependent on drought than on climate change in the short term. Therefore, managing water resource consumption in this plain is vitally important, especially in drought conditions. The results also showed that reducing water consumption in the agricultural sector can significantly improve the WPI. Therefore, solving the water crisis in this plain, given the drought conditions and its future trend, requires policies improving water-use efficiency in the agricultural sector.

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“…This phenomenon has directly or indirectly adverse effects on various sectors such as food security, socio-economic security, migration rate, unemployment rate, and so on (Shamshirband et al 2020;Chukwudum & Dioggban 2022;Qin et al 2022;Shahpari et al 2022). The negative impacts of drought are more severe in countries with more arid climate conditions, countries with lower access to surface and subsurface water resources, and less developed countries with weaker economic potential (Bahrami et al 2020;Zarei et al 2021;Yazdi et al 2022). In recent decades, affected by various factors, especially improper anthropogenic activities (without attention to the principles of sustainable and adaptable development) such as overproduction of CO 2 , some problems such as global warming, polar refrigerator melting, and so on have occurred (Rahman et al 2021;Letcher 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the performance of SN-SPI and SPI and the trend assessment of drought using the XI correlation technique over Iran

Ghasemi

Mokarram

Zarei

2022

Journal of Water and Climate Change

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In recent decades, human activities such as the excessive production of carbon dioxide gas, deforestation, overexploitation of natural resources, and so on have caused changes in the climate regimes and occurrence frequency of droughts. Thus, the investigation of the trend of changes in drought can be effective in better understanding the drought condition and also more properly managing the adverse effects of drought. Therefore, in this study, the trend of changes in drought was assessed based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the spatially normalized SPI (SN-SPI) in 34 stations over Iran on 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month time scales from 1967 to 2019 using the XI correlation technique (XICOR). Then, using the mean residual error (MRE) index and also a comparison of the correlation coefficient (CC) between the SPI and SN-SPI values with a perfect reliable line (line with the equation Y=X- or T-Statistics index), the performances of the SPI and SN-SPI were investigated. The results of the trend assessment indicated that the SPI and SN-SPI had almost the same performance in all chosen time scales (including 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month). However, the results of the T- Statistics and MRE revealed that the calculated values of the SN-SPI in more than 80% of the chosen stations (in the selected time scales) were different from the SPI, and in more than 70% of stations, the calculated values of the SN-SPI were less than the SPI. Therefore, it can be said that the SN-SPI has a different performance from the SPI, and under the influence of spatial normalization of the precipitation values in the SN-SPI, the overall level of the calculated SN-SPI values will be decreased.

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Temporal and spatial assessment of groundwater contamination with nitrate by nitrate pollution index (NPI) and GIS (case study: Fasarud Plain, southern Iran)

Cited by 56 publications

References 31 publications

Source identification and health risks of nitrate contamination in shallow groundwater: a case study in Subei Lake basin

Source identification and health risks of nitrate contamination in shallow groundwater: a case study in Subei Lake basin

Investigating the effects of climate change, drought, and agricultural sector policies on the trend of the water poverty index in Iran

Assessing the performance of SN-SPI and SPI and the trend assessment of drought using the XI correlation technique over Iran

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