Temporal and Spatial Changes in a Coastal Ecotone in Shizugawa Bay, Sanriku Coast Due to the Impacts of the Tsunami on 11 March 2011 and the Following Artificial Impacts

Komatsu, Toshimitsu; Sasa, Shuji; Hamana, Masahiro; Sakamoto, Shingo; Asada, Minami; Terauchi, Genki; Tsujimoto, Ryou; Yanagi, Tetsuo

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58691-5_16

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The Biodiversity Center of Japan (2015) reported that the area of seagrass along the Sanriku Coast before the tsunami had decreased during the 2012–2014 monitoring period. Consequently, mapping seagrass meadows is a very practical method to monitor the recovery process in coastal ecosystems after tsunamis, although only a few studies have attempted this monitoring (e.g., Komatsu et al, 2018b ; Tsujimoto et al, 2016 ). Since bottom depths were changed by co-seismic land subsidence and post-seismic uplift after the tsunami ( Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, 2020 ), the lower depth limits of seagrass meadows limited by light availability enough for survivals of seagrasses ( Duarte, 1991 ; Komatsu & Tatsukawa, 1998 ; Sakanishi & Komatsu, 2017 ) are also influenced by a height of water column above the bottom depending on the bottom depth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Monitoring oyster culture rafts and seagrass meadows in Nagatsura-ura Lagoon, Sanriku Coast, Japan before and after the 2011 tsunami by remote sensing: their recoveries implying the sustainable development of coastal waters

Murata

Hara

Yonezawa

et al. 2021

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Background Coastal ecosystems are blue infrastructures that support coastal resources and also aquaculture. Seagrass meadows, one of coastal ecosystems, provide substrates for epiphytic diatoms, which are food resources for cultured filter feeder organisms. Highly intensive coastal aquaculture degrades coastal environments to decrease seagrass meadows. Therefore, efficient aquaculture management and conservation of seagrass meadows are necessary for the sustainable development of coastal waters. In ria-type bays, non-feeding aquaculture of filter feeders such as oysters, scallops, and ascidians are actively practiced along the Sanriku Coast, Japan. Before the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, the over-deployment of oyster culture facilities polluted the bottom environment and formed an hypoxic bottom water layer due to the organic excrements from cultured oysters. The tsunami in 2011 devastated the aquaculture facilities and seagrass meadows along the Sanriku Coast. We mapped the oyster culture rafts and seagrass meadows in Nagatsura-ura Lagoon, Sanriku Coast before and after the tsunami and monitored those and environments after the tsunami by field surveys. Methods We conducted field surveys and monitored the environmental parameters in Nagatsura-ura Lagoon every month since 2014. We used high-resolution satellite remote sensing images to map oyster culture rafts and seagrass meadows at irregular time intervals from 2006 to 2019 in order to assess their distribution. In 2019, we also used an unmanned aerial vehicle to analyze the spatial variability of the position and the number of ropes suspending oyster clumps beneath the rafts. Results In 2013, the number and distribution of the oyster culture rafts had been completely restored to the pre-tsunami conditions. The mean area of culture raft increased after the tsunami, and ropes suspending oyster clumps attached to a raft in wider space. Experienced local fishermen also developed a method to attach less ropes to a raft, which was applied to half of the oyster culture rafts to improve oyster growth. The area of seagrass meadows has been expanding since 2013. Although the lagoon had experienced frequent oyster mass mortality events in summer before the tsunami, these events have not occurred since 2011. The 2011 earthquake and tsunami deepened the sill depth and widened the entrance to enhance water exchange and improve water quality in the lagoon. These changes brought the expansion of seagrass meadows and reduction of mass mortality events to allow sustainable oyster culture in the lagoon. Mapping and monitoring of seagrass meadows and aquaculture facilities via satellite remote sensing can provide clear visualization of their temporal changes. This can in turn facilitate effective aquaculture management and conservation of coastal ecosystems, which are crucial for the sustainable development of coastal waters.

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