Temporal and Spatial Evolution Characteristics and Its Driving Mechanism of Land Use/Cover in Vietnam from 2000 to 2020

Abstract

Research on the spatial distribution and dynamic evolution of land use/land cover (LULC) is the basis for land management and ecological protection. However, there is currently a lack of long-term analysis on the evolution of LULC on the national scale in Vietnam. Based on the GLC_FCS30 dataset, this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial evolution of LULC in Vietnam from 2000 to 2020 as well as its driving mechanism using methods such as dynamicity, flow direction diagrams, principal component analysis, and multivariate stepwise regression. The results show that: (1) cropland, forest, and shrubland are Vietnam’s most important land-cover types. In 2020, the above three types of land area accounted for 34.77%, 32.36%, and 26.13% of the total land area, respectively. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the area of cropland and forest areas continued to shrink (−5.64%, −3.96%); the area of shrubland, water bodies, and other land areas expanded (+4.87%, +12.29%, +15.04%); and the area of impervious surfaces expansion was the most significant (+100.40%). (3) The integrated dynamic degree of LULC in Vietnam shows a spatial differentiation of high in the south, followed by the north, and lowest in the center. In the early period (2000–2010), the LULC rate of change in each region was rapid, while it gradually decreased in the later period (2010–2020). The most important LULC changes in Vietnam can be divided into two parts: (a) the mutual conversion of forest, cropland, and shrubland and (b) one-way conversion of cropland to impervious surfaces. (4) LULC changes in Vietnam are mainly affected by economic development and human activities, especially the GDP, population, and urbanization rate. There is no reliable statistical relationship between LULC and climatic factors. The results of this study contribute to the analysis of LULC processes in similar regions, and will also help the Vietnamese government strengthen national land management and planning in a targeted manner.

Myanmar’s Land Cover Change and Its Driving Factors during 2000–2020

“…Studies on LULC changes in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos also found that national economic development and human activities have a greater impact on LUCC in these countries. Among the factors that have a more pronounced impact are GDP, population, and urbanization rates [42,43,45]. Our research also shows that at the national scale, socio-economic and agricultural development have a greater impact on LUCC in Myanmar.…”

Использование Инструментов ГИС Для Обнаружения Изменений В Использовании И Покрытии Земли В Провинции Ханам, Вьетнам

“…There are several factors contributing to the expansion of builtup areas, with the main factors being population growth, urbanization, and urban planning policies [Waiyasusri, 2021;Singh et al, 2022]. The population growth during this period has led to an increasing demand for housing, driving the expansion and development of urban areas and residential areas in Ha Nam province [Niu et al, 2022]. Additionally, the process of urbanization and the expansion of urban areas have resulted in the development of new urban areas, the renovation and expansion of urban infrastructure, and the construction of urban areas outside existing urban centers [Wang et al, 2021].…”

A Simulated Assessment of Land Use and Carbon Storage Changes in the Yanqi Basin under Different Development Scenarios

“…Biazin et al [31] found that drought vulnerability is intimately linked to land use type and social background through remote sensing technology, drought vulnerability analysis and field observation, and social context. Niu et al [32] used principal component analysis and multivariate stepwise regression to analyze LUCC in Vietnam. They showed that LUCC in Vietnam is affected by economic development, population, and urbanization rate.…”