Research on the spatial distribution and dynamic evolution of land use/cover (LUC) is the basis for land management and ecological protection. However, there is currently a lack of long-term analyses of the evolution of LUC at the national scale in Cambodia. Based on the GLC_FCS30 dataset, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution of LUC in Cambodia from 2000 to 2020, as well as its relationship with the country’s economic and social development and climate change using dynamic degree, flow direction diagram, principal component analysis, and multivariate stepwise regression. The main findings are as follows. (1) Cropland and forest are Cambodia’s most significant land cover types. In 2020, the proportions of cropland and forest accounted for 47.67% and 42.22% of the total land area. Among the cropland area, rainfed cropland accounted for 35.90%, irrigated cropland accounted for 7.26%, and other cropland accounted for 4.51%. (2) From 2000 to 2020, rainfed cropland areas increased significantly (+4.69 × 103 km2, +7.77%), while irrigated cropland areas increased less (+0.37 × 103 km2, 2.91%). The forest area continued to shrink (−7.71 × 103 km2, −9.16%), and the area of impervious surfaces expanded most significantly (+161.16%). (3) In 2000–2020, the integrated dynamic degree of land use presented a spatial differentiation pattern of high in the northeast, low in the middle, and lowest in the plain area. The most critical LUC change processes were the conversion of forest and shrubland to rainfed cropland and the transformation of rainfed cropland to impervious surfaces. (4) The change in LUC in Cambodia has mainly been affected by economic development and human activities, especially regarding the agricultural added value, agricultural raw material export value, urban population, and urbanization rate. This study will help the Cambodian government to strengthen national land management and planning in a targeted manner and may provide a reference for the analysis of land use change processes in similar areas.

Research on the spatial distribution and dynamic evolution of land use/land cover (LULC) is the basis for land management and ecological protection. However, there is currently a lack of long-term analysis on the evolution of LULC on the national scale in Vietnam. Based on the GLC_FCS30 dataset, this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial evolution of LULC in Vietnam from 2000 to 2020 as well as its driving mechanism using methods such as dynamicity, flow direction diagrams, principal component analysis, and multivariate stepwise regression. The results show that: (1) cropland, forest, and shrubland are Vietnam’s most important land-cover types. In 2020, the above three types of land area accounted for 34.77%, 32.36%, and 26.13% of the total land area, respectively. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the area of cropland and forest areas continued to shrink (−5.64%, −3.96%); the area of shrubland, water bodies, and other land areas expanded (+4.87%, +12.29%, +15.04%); and the area of impervious surfaces expansion was the most significant (+100.40%). (3) The integrated dynamic degree of LULC in Vietnam shows a spatial differentiation of high in the south, followed by the north, and lowest in the center. In the early period (2000–2010), the LULC rate of change in each region was rapid, while it gradually decreased in the later period (2010–2020). The most important LULC changes in Vietnam can be divided into two parts: (a) the mutual conversion of forest, cropland, and shrubland and (b) one-way conversion of cropland to impervious surfaces. (4) LULC changes in Vietnam are mainly affected by economic development and human activities, especially the GDP, population, and urbanization rate. There is no reliable statistical relationship between LULC and climatic factors. The results of this study contribute to the analysis of LULC processes in similar regions, and will also help the Vietnamese government strengthen national land management and planning in a targeted manner.

In recent years, the conversion of saline-alkali land to rice fields has become the most dominant land use change feature in western Jilin, leading to significant surface greening. Saline–alkali land and paddy fields have distinct surface biophysical properties; however, there is a lack of systematic assessment of the moderating effect of planting rice on saline–alkali land on regional climate by changing surface properties. In this paper, multiscale data on the surface temperature of saline–alkali land and paddy fields were obtained using 1 km MODIS product, 30 m Landsat 8 satellite imagery and centimeter-scale UAV imagery in Da’an City, western Jilin as the study area, and the various characteristics of the surface temperature of saline-alkali land and paddy fields in different months of the year and at different times of the day were analyzed. Furthermore, the effect of rice cultivation in saline–alkali land on the local surface temperature was assessed using a space-for-time approach. The results based on satellite observations including both MODIS and Landsat showed that the surface temperature of saline–alkali land was significantly higher than that of paddy fields during the crop growing season, especially in July and August. The high temporal resolution MODIS LST data also indicated the paddy fields cool the daytime surface temperature, while warming the nighttime surface temperature, which was in contrast for saline–alkali land during the growing season. High-resolution UAV observations in July confirmed that the cooling effect of paddy fields was most significant at the middle of day. From the biophysical perspective, the reclamation of saline–alkali land into paddy fields leads to an increase in leaf area index, followed by a significant increase in evapotranspiration. Meanwhile, rice cultivation in saline–alkali land reduces surface albedo and increases surface net radiation. The trade-off relationship between the two determines the seasonal difference in the surface temperature response of saline–alkali land for rice cultivation. At the same time, the daily cycle of crop evapotranspiration and the thermal insulation effect of paddy fields at night are the main reasons for the intraday difference in surface temperature between saline–alkali land and paddy field. Based on the multiscale assessment of the impact of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land on surface temperature, this study provides a scientific basis for predicting future regional climate change and comprehensively understanding the ecological and environmental benefits of saline–alkali land development.

Global warming which is caused by excessive consumption of fossil fuels has caught the world wide attention. And it has brought social and economic development serious losses, profoundly touched the energy security, ecological security, water security and food security, and even threaten the survival of mankind. Dominant in the national economy, the real estate in the process of development and using has consumed fossil fuels and discharged carbon dioxide which account for 50% of the total emissions. Therefore, how to reduce the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission in the process of real estate development is the currently main issue we should pay attention. This paper describes the dilemma of the real estate industry we are facing and response we should take during lowcarbon economy time.

<p>In the process of plate tectonic movement, extensional faults and conversion faults occur.In the process of studying the rift system of central and west Africa, by comparing the basin types and fault plane distribution characteristics of Africa and South America on both sides of the Atlantic ocean, it can be seen that the main continental fault on both sides of the Atlantic ocean and the fault developed at the mid-ocean ridge on the bottom of the Atlantic ocean belong to the conversion fault.The function of conversion faults is to regulate the difference in the moving speed between blocks in the contemporaneous structure. Therefore, the conversion faults developed in these three regions are similar and interrelated in terms of structure type, structure style, block movement mode and direction.The main transference faults in various regions play a role in regulating the differences of continental extension and inversion tectonic rates in the Atlantic ocean, Africa and South America.</p><p>There are two transition fault systems in the rift system of central Africa and west Africa. Under the joint action of these two transition fault systems, extensional basins and transition basins are mainly developed in the rift system of central and west Africa. Moreover, these two transition fault systems play different roles in different stages of the tectonic movement of the whole African plate.</p><p>After detailed interpretation of seismic data, it can be found that there are mainly fault-controlled inversion structures in Doseo basin and Doba basin.</p><p>As a representative of transition basins, fault-controlled inversion structures are widely developed in the Doseo basin, but they have different distribution characteristics.Among them, fault-controlled inversion structures with large inversion ranges are distributed near large faults in the basin, while fault-controlled inversion structures with small inversion ranges are far away from the structural units of the main controlled faults, the inversion structures have a small amplitude, and the stratigraphic reconstruction fragmentation degree is relatively weak. The inversion structures with weak inversion are mainly developed in the middle, western depression and southern uplift of Doseo basin.And as the representative of the extensional basin. In Doba basin, fault-controlled inversion structures are mainly developed, and the structures with high inversion rate are distributed in the central depression zone of the basin. The low inversion rate structures are distributed in the uplift and slope areas in the western part of the basin. By studying the development types and distribution locations of inversion structures in basins, it can be known that different types of basins have different transformation conditions during inversion.</p><p>Therefore, by comparing the differences in the plane and vertical characteristics of the inversion tectonic development of Doseo and Doba basins, as well as the studies on the eastern and western and non-other basins, it can be concluded that during the tectonic evolution of the rift system in central and west Africa, especially during the transition inversion stage, there were significant differences between the transition basin and the extensional basin.</p>